Abstract: Digital transformation is becoming one of the key driving forces shaping modern international relations and interstate cooperation. The rapid introduction of digital technologies leads to large-scale changes in the economy, social sphere, politics, and security, which determines a new vector of interaction between states based on information and communication technologies and digital platforms. However, along with the opportunities that are opening up to countries, new challenges arise, among which cybersecurity occupies one of the central places. In modern conditions of globalization and digitalization, the task of adapting international relations to new realities and creating effective mechanisms for countering digital threats is becoming urgent. The purpose of the article is to analyze the influence of digital transformation on international relations and interstate cooperation, as well as to identify and assess new challenges for cybersecurity. Methods. The research uses a complex approach, including system analysis, comparative analysis, and statistical methods. The system analysis made it possible to consider the structural changes in international relations under the influence of digital technologies, and the comparative analysis will reveal peculiarities and differences in the approaches of states to digitalization. Statistical methods were used to assess the scope of implementation of digital solutions and their impact on security, which in total provided a comprehensive study of the processes under consideration. Results. Digital transformation significantly accelerates the exchange of information and promotes the integration of economic and political processes. The expansion of digital technologies is accompanied by the growth of cyberthreats, which requires the development of new measures to ensure security in the digital space. The analysis showed that successful interstate cooperation in the field of cybersecurity is possible only if there are uniform international standards and agreed legal mechanisms capable. Conclusions. For the sustainable development of the global security system, active international interaction, exchange of experience, and the development of unified legal norms capable of effectively countering digital threats are necessary. A comprehensive approach to solving these problems will ensure stability and security in the conditions of rapid development of digital technologies.

Abstract: From December 2019 to the present, the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread rapidly and turned into a pandemic. The virus first begins to spread between people during close contact, usually through tiny droplets produced by behavior such as sneezing, talking or coughing. COVID-19 disease can affect many organs and cause psychiatric disorders in patients. It is thought that anxiety and depression may continue in patients diagnosed and treated with COVID-19. The aim of our study is to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 in the long term (3-6 months), taking into account factors such as individuals' education level, occupation, alcohol use, smoking, loss of work force due to covid. At the same time, we planned to examine the interaction between dyspnea severity and anxiety and depression using the Medical Research Council Scale (MRCS) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in patients with continued exertional dyspnea in the post-covid period. The study was completed with 537 patients. 307 (57%) of the patients were male, 230 (42%) were female. No significant difference was determined in terms of mean age. No patient was excluded from the study for any reason. And accordingly, it would be appropriate to keep risky groups under observation, to provide necessary psychological support in the early period, and to follow them closely.

Abstract: In the Middle Ages, hand-copied sutras in South Korea played an important role in spreading Buddhism. Hand-copying functions similarly to translation in transferring something from one text to another. Despite this fact, previous studies have not examined it from the perspective of translation studies. The purpose of the research is to look at characteristics of the hand-copied sutras, based on the equivalence of translation. The sample in the research targets the texts of the hand-copied Diamond Sutra and the original text of the Diamond Sutra in the Tripitake Koreana. A literature review and a descriptive approach are applied to analyze the sample. The findings indicate that equivalent sentence structure, addition of sentence, typo, and substitution were discovered in the hand-copied Diamond Sutra. The equivalent sentence structure, the typo, and the substitution could be examined by formal equivalence, and the addition of the sentence could be checked by dynamic equivalence. It means that formal or dynamic equivalence operates in the hand-copied sutra. The research suggests that hand-copying and translation have a common attribute. However, the research has limitations not to look at more hand-copied sutras. Thus, further research is required to examine other hand-copied sutras of South Korea in the Middle Ages and needs to have objectivity and validity in the relation between hand-copying and translation.