Abstract: Biosurfactants are amphiphillic surface active agents produced by microorganisms. These bioactive molecules are capable to reduce the surface tension between hydrocarbon and aqueous mixture. In recent years, use of biosurfactant by many industries was considerably increased due to cheap economical value, non toxic and biodegradable nature. Present study was aimed to investigate biosurfactant-producing bacteria residing in oil contaminated soil nearby oil filling stations. Overall, 86 oil degrading isolates was screened from various samples. Hemolysis assay, Adherence of bacteria to hydrocarbons (BATH), CTAB assay, Oil-spreading assay and Emulsification index assay was used to screen the biosurfactant production ability of isolates. Two isolates Kocuria rosea strain VB1 and Arthrobacter luteolus strain VB2 was selected for fermentation study by using sugar cane waste enriched with 5%, 10% and 15% glycerol concentration. 16s rRNA sequencing was used for bacterial strain identification. Fermentation results reported significant biosurfactant production at 5% and 10% of glycerol concentration by isolates. VB1 reduced surface tension upto 20% and 18% at 5% and 10% glycerol concentration, respectively. At higher concentration of glycerol (15%), production of biosurfactant significantly decreased that show the inhibitory effect of higher glycerol concentration. Arthrobacter luteolus strain VB2 reported 25% reduction in surface tension at 10% of glycerol concentration. At 5% and 15% glycerol concentration VB2 showed less reduction in surface tension. Results of present study indicate the future potential of isolated bacterial strains for environmental friendly applications.

Abstract: The digital space is a reality today and a global phenomenon encompassing almost every segment of all life and has of late become a prerequisite of our learning teaching trends and practices. The way dictionaries of the yesteryears are being approached today by the millennial generation of English language learners leaves very little to ponder over the efficacy of a digital trend and effectively leaves us with the idea of a second language acquisition through a digital-determined self-learning self-accessing rather autonomous learning methodology in this coming of age of internet and the internet of things. This article, therefore, looks into the manner in which the scope of lexicography has undergone dramatic changes in terms of well-defined innovations and advances in lexicographical techniques and methods of presentation linking autonomy, digitalization, and language learning at the cusp of the new millennium.

Abstract: This article brings together various interdisciplinary concepts in order to take a holistic approach to international cooperation in criminal matters. Predominantly, this paper utilises transgovernmental theory as an analytical baseline; it focuses on the horizontal transgovernmental cooperation of domestic prosecutorial agencies with their counterparts, specifically covering aspects of national systems dealing with these matters. This article provides a necessary starting point for understanding the current anatomy of international cooperation between national prosecutorial agencies by briefly reviewing how various countries (mainly European, since they represent the most prominent and advanced examples of transgovernmentalism at all levels), approach and shape these agencies’ involvement in such issues. This study, without any given agenda, also discusses common perspectives by reflecting on the overall trend towards direct and integrative cooperation between prosecutorial authorities in different national systems; it also reflects on the need to advance further harmonisation where appropriate, with priority placed on the protection of human rights.