Archive of Journal
Volume 73, Issue 10, Oct. 2017

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF HIGH SPEED AND LOW LATENCY NOC USING MULTIGRAINED RECONFIGURATION AND PARALLEL MAPPING ARCHITECTURE ON FPGA

Volume 73, Oct 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.10.11

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Abstract: Here the last few decades, Network on Chip’s are the powerful chips for high speed\r\ncommunications pertaining to 802.11 Ethernet protocol which is , need to be reconfigurable for\r\nsuccessful data frame transmission. The existing architectures like coarse grained reconfigurable,\r\nALU cluster and expression grain reconfigurable architecture and look-up-table used in fine\r\ngrained reconfigurable devices require a lot of storage memory, hardware possessions such as\r\nslices, cell area and cell delay. To tackle these issues, Multi grained Reconfiguration and Parallel\r\nMapping Architecture is proposed and their performance analysis parameters are premeditated.\r\nThe MRPMA uses the four contributions to optimize Processing Elements operations: 1) Fast\r\nFourier Transformation to perform fixed point numbers to the configuration words, 2) Discrete\r\nCosine Transformation to analyze the data in the frequency domain, 3) Finite Impulse Response\r\nfor parallel mapping the data and 4) Channel encoder and decoder to encode the data and to\r\ncalculate the shortest route from source to destination switch.

Author(s): T. Siva Sankara Phani, M. Durga Prakash, K Hari Kishor, M.Sujatha

SEMANTIC CONTENT OF PEDAGOGIC KNOWLEDGE AND THE PROBLEM OF COMPREHENSION

Volume 73, Oct 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.10.22

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Abstract: Methodological issues of development psychology of education including search of its premised bases from the area of philosophy and psychology, the analysis of logical aspects and critical analyses is discussed in the article. The specific of philosophy of education is expressed: it implies the process of reflective thinking towards the theory and practice; the educational process and the perspectives of its development taken as a whole; the verification of rational educational strategies. The discussed problem is focused on the category of �comprehension in psycho-pedagogical research� combining gnoseological, reflexive and empathy aspects. Semantic content of pedagogical knowledge presupposes the specific activity of a recipient and a researcher-methodologist which includes: identification of premise philosophical and psychological foundations of this knowledge, reflexion on author�s logical reasoning of the knowledge being researched and presented in whether any other text; in-depth critical comprehension of the content of research products and their conclusions; gradual attainment of the stage of comprehension of pedagogical knowledge fragment, perceiving it in the logic of �catching� the integrity, consistency and unity of different facts, objects, processes and phenomena; revealing and further implementation of such element as knowledge about unknown positions. The current development of psychology and philosophy gives every reason to believe the problem to be one of the white spots in methodology of pedagogy and psychology, to position it as a productive research field for beginners.

Author(s): Pavel Aleksandrovich Kislyakov, Andrey Vyacheslavovich Korzhuev, Anatoly Gennadievich Madzhuga, Artur Ferdsovich Amirov, Aleksandra Sergeyevna Sokolova, Yulia Borisovna Ikrennikova

ANALYSIS OF HETEROJUNCTION TUNNELING ARCHITECTURES FOR ULTRA LOW POWER APPLICATIONS

Volume 73, Oct 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.10.9

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Abstract: Tremendous revolutionary changes lead the electronic industry from the past eight decades. Nowadays, portable electronic systems play a major role in the human life. These systems consist of adders, multiplexers, registers, memories etc. But memories are more power consuming components in embedded applications. In general, embedded systems are equipped with large battery sources in order to avoid frequent charging of batteries. The capacity of the battery depends on the power consumption of the system. Higher the power consumption can higher the battery capacity and hence the size which is unacceptable for portable embedded systems. So we need effective low power VLSI techniques for better performance of integrated systems. Many authors propose low power techniques for design and implementation of systems; the most effective energy saving method is low voltage operation. Heterojunction tunneling structures operated in the low subthreshold region of the transistor. This work presents the analysis of different types of heterojunction tunneling architectures for low power as well as ultra low power applications. A comparative analysis of heterojunction architectures can be done with reference to ION / IOFF ratio, leakage current, subthreshold swing (SS) and materials used for manufacturing and it needs a trade-off among these parameters. So, we proposed an architecture that addresses High ION / IOFF ratio, steeper subthreshold swing and improved Miller capacitance with less leakage current. These structures give a great compromise between power consumption and performance (speed and power trade-off) and hence improving the performance of heterojunction architectures.

Author(s): B V V SATYANARAYANA, M.Durga Prakash

SMALLHOLDERS FARMERS’ VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES TO PRODUCTION AND MARKETING FLUCTUATIONS IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA

Volume 73, Oct 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.10.18

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Abstract: Smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa produce the bulk of the food consumed by inhabitants of these countries despite their poor working conditions in terms of access to inputs, improved technology and basic infrastructures. The changing pattern of climate, unstable micro- and macroeconomic conditions coupled with the rising poverty situation has even made the matter worse for most farmers. The resultant effect of this is manifested in poor living conditions and dwindling interest in agriculture. In Nigeria, agriculture remains the largest employer of labour providing livelihood for over 70% of the population. This paper relied on primary data collected through administration of structured questionnaire on a random sample of 360 smallholder farmers in southwest Nigeria using a multistage sampling procedure. The data were collected in March and September, being the peak of dry and raining seasons in the country. Respondents� distribution by age indicates that average age of these farmers is 45 years, and educational distribution of respondents show that about one-third are educated up to tertiary level while 36% have no formal education. Also, about two-third were estimated to be vulnerable going by the vulnerability benchmark constructed using the consumption expenditure data collected in March and September. A probit analysis employed to ascertain the determinants of vulnerability to seasonal fluctuations in production and marketing show that respondents� age, gender, years of formal education, household size, membership of cooperatives, access to inputs, access to extension services, distance to markets and price situation are major determinants of vulnerability in the study area.

Author(s): Isaac B Oluwatayo

FLORISTIC COMPOSITION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF MOUNTAIN PASTURES OF DAGESTAN

Volume 73, Oct 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.10.15

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Abstract: The investigated pastures at various expositions of the slopes of the mountain Dagestan, located at 1000 and 1700 m above sea level. Significant differences in the floristic composition of communities in the southern, northern, south-western, north-western exposures of mountain slopes were revealed. The difference in species composition and climatic conditions led to the difference in the productivity of pastures. Relatively high air temperature on the southern exposure of the slope, at an altitude of 1700 m above sea level, with sufficient precipitation contributed to the higher productivity of the phytocenosis in the north. At around 1000 m, the productivity of south-west slope was also higher than the north-west, in connection with the best supply of moisture due to the proximity of the site to the river.

Author(s): Shamil Salikhov, Gasan Gasanov, Shamil Salikhov, Nurjagan Ramazanova, Tatiana Asvarova, Kamil Hajiyev, Rashid Bashirov, Aishat Abdulaeva, Zaira Akhmedova, Kabirat Gimbatova, Zhamilat Shaikhalova, Viktoriya Semenova, Radjab Usmanov, Maxim Mallaliev, Aytemir Aytemirov, Magomed Musaev, Nurulislan Magomedov

THE WAR AGAINST IRAQ BY THE COALITION OF THE WILLING; ITS LEGAL AND MORAL VALIDITY

Volume 73, Oct 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.10.23

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Abstract: Abstract\nBy March of 2007, some four years after the war began, the Bush administration was still increasing its number of troops in Iraq. The �coalition of the willing� had invaded in 2003, specifically to end the regime of President Saddam Husain who had ruled for more than thirty-five years. What initially appeared as a quick coalition success soon became civil war fuelled by sectarian violence as well as the presence of al-Qaeda and other insurgents. Both pre- and post-invasion periods witnessed intense debate over the legality and morality of the coalition�s military campaign and occupation without UN Security Council Mandate. Using documentary analysis and the �Just War� theory, this study assesses legal and moral arguments that were advanced in support of the coalition�s position. The paper traces the ascendency of President Bush�s doctrine of pre-emptive self-defence. Moreover, arguments for the war�s legality are examined in light of customary International Law and the coalition�s arguments are examined in light of classical criteria for jus ad bellum and jus in Bello. The authors conclude that in spite of the coalition\'s rigorous propaganda campaign, they neither established moral rectitude nor legal basis for the invasion of Iraq in March 2003.\nKeywords: The coalition of the willing, Iraq, customary International Law, jus ad bellum and jus in Bello.

Author(s): Saikou Kawsu Gassama, Mansoureh Ebrahimi, Kamaruzaman Yusoff

THE APPROACHES TO EVALUATING PUBLIC SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZATIONS: THE EXPERIENCE OF LEADING COUNTRIES AND POSSIBILITY OF USING IT IN RUSSIA

Volume 73, Oct 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.10.2

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Abstract: The article aims at revealing the features and approaches in the auditing of public research institutions in Germany and France as leading EU member states. To achieve that goal the authors provide a comparative analysis of the assessment systems of scientific organizations in the countries mentioned. The choice of focusing on Germany and France was made because French and German research institutions had held leading positions in the international ratings of scientific organizations. The study reveals the common features of the evaluation system of scientific organizations in France and Germany, including the predominance of qualitative expertise carried out by international experts over the quantitative ones, based on the measurable indicators, as well as their distinctive features. The analysis raised the question on the main differences between the research evaluation systems in France, Germany and Russia. According to results of the study, it is possible to conclude that research evaluation systems in European countries and Russia have distinct objectives. While in Europe research evaluation system serves as a diagnostic tool in order to give recommendations on how to improve the effectiveness of a scientific organization, in Russia it uses to determine the outsiders, i.e. the research institutions that are lagging behind in comparison with the others in their respective reference groups that had been identified through the science-metric indicators. In conclusion the authors give recommendations on the possibilities of using the strengths of the European research evaluation systems in Russia.

Author(s): Anna Maltseva, Igor Monakhov, Nadezda Bedenko

THE FORMATION OF KAZAKHSTAN'S MODEL OF PARLIAMENTARISM

Volume 73, Oct 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.10.6

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Abstract: In this article the authors have made an attempt to show the\\nhistory of development and periodization of Kazakhstan\\\'s model of\\nparliamentarism on the basis of objectivity and use of previous researchers�\\nworks. The article cites the opinion of various scholars engaged in this issue, as\\nwell as presents authors� arguments based on actual events occurring in modern\\nKazakhstan. The article justifies that the bicameral legislature is a legislative\\nparamilitary body that solves economic, social and political issues in the history\\nof the country. The specificity of the Majilis and the Senate formation is\\nformulated as reflecting the democratic legitimacy and the effective combination\\nof regional interests and needs. It is stated that the constitutional reforms being\\nimplemented in recent years have been promoting the political image and\\nreputation of the Parliament in the trio structure of the state. Theoretical\\njustification for the notion of parliamentary models and classification of\\nparliamentary models are given. On the basis of the material studied, the model of\\nparliamentarism in the Republic of Kazakhstan is characterized as developing,\\nauthors� view of the peculiarities of development of parliamentarism in the\\ncountry is given. It is asserted that Kazakhstan as a sovereign state incorporating\\nthe positive experience of foreign countries and not forgetting its traditions and\\nlegal culture creates new levers and self-organizing bodies.

Author(s): Otarbayeva Asel, Kozhakhmetov Galim

OPEN ACCESS AND “FEESMUSTFALL”: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF THE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS PROTEST IN SOUTH AFRICA

Volume 73, Oct 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.10.12

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Abstract: This paper seeks to explore from a critical discourse analysis point of view the 2015 and 2016 university students� protest, tagged �#FEESMUSTFALL� against the public universities proposed increase in fees by between six and ten per cent in South Africa. The paper proceeds from the assumption that the seeming difficult on the part of the South African government to meet its commitment to provide open access to university education through different financial initiatives might have provoked internal conversations leading to a subtle violence of the kind that equates social movements. Based on digital qualitative research approach, we adopted a critical discourse analysis which culminated in our conclusion that students� resistance to the attrition and contrivance of open access to university education probably occasioned by rising financial cost of university education could open up new visages of debates around the success or otherwise of democratically elected governments to equitably address the peoples� expectations. The kind of resistance observed in the �#FEESMUSTFALL� university students protest in South Africa can and does actually take the form of an ontological stratified measure of reality ending up as a process that puts the political process to test.

Author(s): Enos Makhele, A. B. Oduaran

SEXUAL QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG WOMEN UNDERWENT \\\\\\\\r\\\\\\\\nBREAST SURGERY ALL HEADINGS

Volume 73, Oct 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.10.24

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Abstract: Women with breast cancer may experience problems with physical, psychological, body image, self-esteem and sexuality, family and social life, professional and economic conditions. Aim of this study was to determine the quality of sexual life of women who underwent surgery for breast cancer. This descriptive study was carried out on among 208 married women. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The questionnaire was prepared by researcher utilizing the related literature and Sexual Quality of Life Scale-female form The most of the participants (85.6%) before the disease, and (88.0%) pre-treatment had no problem in sexual life however only 31.7% of them after treatment had no problems in sexual life. In the mean sexual quality of life score of the women who suffered from breast cancer was 64.04 ± 19.62. The sexual quality of life scale scores of women had sexual problem before her disease, pre and post treatment, were lower than other group. , This difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). It was found that the sexual life in and the quality of sexual life of women was affected negatively after treatment for breast cancer. The patients and their husbands should get support from health care professionals to overcome this issue. The healthcare professionals also must aware this problem of this group and provide appropriate care and support each patients based on their specific problems related to sexual life.

Author(s): Kamile Altuntug, Serife Kursun, Emel Ege, Yesim Anik, Ganime Dilek Emlik, Necdet Poyraz

A FRAMEWORK FOR THE INCLUSION OF STUDENTS WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS: A CASE STUDY OF A ZIMBABWEAN UNIVERSITY

Volume 73, Oct 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.10.13

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Abstract: The aim of this study was to develop a framework for the inclusion of students with visual impairments that can be adopted by a Zimbabwean university. The study was informed by Bronfenbrenner�s ecological and Bandura�s agentic theories. The transformative paradigm which guided the study emphasised improving the participants� social situation to create a more equitable society. The study was a qualitative case study and purposeful sampling was used. Data were generated using interviews, photo-voice, document analysis and observation. The data were analysed using open and analytical coding. Five themes, which steered the development of the framework, emerged, namely, guiding statements and principles, traffic safety, information on buildings and facilities, provision of assistive devices and instructional strategies. Recommendations included the establishment of different committees at the meso and micro levels. Visual impaired students should be incorporated in these committees and be proactive in the formulation of policies affecting them.

Author(s): JL Geldenhuys, E. Manyumwa

BIGRAMS AND CHUNKING: ADVANTAGES FOR USING IN AUTOMATIC SPELLING CORRECTION IN RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH

Volume 73, Oct 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.10.10

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Abstract: The present research is concerned with the problem of automatic spelling correction for Russian and English. The program realized in a batch mode draws upon chunking - a model of an incomplete syntactic analysis. Basing on the previous version of the program and its advantages and shortcomings, we made a decision to introduce a stage of analysis using bigrams into the chunking pipeline, which considerably increased the efficiency of spelling correction. Unlike other programs that presuppose an interactive mode with a human interference, the spelling corrector described in the present paper is completely automatic, i.e. the program itself chooses the best variant of a correction and makes the necessary replacement. The work of the program was tested on two mini-collections (for Russian and for English) of a hundred clauses each collected from Twitter. Though there is still room for improvement, the results testify to the fact that joint use of bigrams and chunks has great potential.

Author(s): Vladimir Polyakov, Ivan Anisimov, Elena Makarova

EVALUATION OF STUDENT PERFORMANCE USING AN OUTLIER DETECTION APPROACH

Volume 73, Oct 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.10.7

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Abstract: The major objective of the Data Mining Techniques is to extract the valuable information from the valid repositories. The Knowledge Detection plays a vital role in the Education Domain in terms of finding useful information about the students based on their learning process. During KDD process, the data is collected from various kinds of sources with different nature properties. A good decision is always influenced by the factors like collection patterns, quires and other related factors like Outliers. In this paper, we worked on detection of outliers, which plays n vital role in decision making. We analysed the performance of the students and present the results using outlier detection process. The abstracted results are analysed and presented using graphical methods like Histograms and pie charts.

Author(s): V.V.JAYA RAMA KRISHNAIAH, PENUBOTHU AJITH, KURRA RAJASEKHARA RAO

HUMAN FACTORS IN VESSEL SAFETY OPERATION: A STUDY OF INDONESIAN SEAFARERS

Volume 73, Oct 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.10.21

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Abstract: ABSTRACT. This research was aimed to present some research-based information about conditions and obstacles which commonly become issues on board. This research provided various human factors related to safety operation on board which more or less influence seafarer�s duty and responsibility. The research data were collected through questionnaire. Some literature studies of factors on board were also presented including ship familiarization, life-saving appliances, sanitary and hygiene, accomodation, food, wages, work hours/rest hours, communication, interpersonal relationship, teamwork, language and culture diversity. The research showed that Indonesian seafarers who work on either national or international vessel definitely require human factor fulfillment to guarantee their safety. Human factors play important roles which determine seafarer�s safety. Several studies proposed numbers of maritime accidents which were caused by human factors were greater that numbers caused by weather and technical factors. Safety operation and working motivation will be increased as some regulations were established. They included STCW (Standard Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers), SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea), ISM (International Safety Management) Code, and MLC (Maritime Labour Convention). They are all covered in IMO (International Maritime Organization). Ship companies need to ensure that their crews follow the safety procedures and regulations.

Author(s): Yuliani Yuli, Wisnu Handoko, Anissofiah Azise Wijinurhayati

MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS IN OCULAR SURFACE TUMORS

Volume 73, Oct 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.10.5

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Abstract: Molecular Pathology is based on the use of molecular biology techniques and the type of specimens that are involved in its practice, basically through extracted DNA and RNA from cytological and tissue specimens. Recent revolutionary progress in human genomics is affecting our daily practice in terms of diagnosis and approach for treatment. Nucleic acid–based testing is becoming an essential diagnostic tool specifically in the setting of inherited genetic disease, neoplastic and infectious diseases. The second peculiar aspect is the guidance of appropriate therapy aiming at the use of newly tailored therapeutic targets or drugs such as gene therapy. In addition, molecular diagnostics are of paramount importance in assessing disease prognosis, response to treatment and detecting minimal residual disease. In this review article, the author will focus on the latest updated molecular pathology studies on ocular surface tumors trying to shed the light on recent advances related to 2 major ocular surface tumors: ocular squamous surface neoplasia (OSSN) and conjunctival melanoma (CM). Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is another challenging diagnosis, which is usually discussed in the context of eyelid tumors, but since SC has an affinity for pagetoid spread into the conjunctival epithelium, it is included in this review. The aim of this review is to attract the attention of ophthalmologists, scientists, and laboratory researchers to the necessity for advancement of these molecular techniques in our local laboratories, thus significantly enhancing the diagnostic and research skills in molecular diagnostics and therapy in the field of ophthalmology.

Author(s): Hind Manaa Alkatan

The Effect of Explosion Distance on the Destruction Rate of Adobe Dome Buildings - Case Study Imam Reza Shrine

Volume 73, Oct 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.10.4

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Abstract: Today, due to increased terrorist attacks around the world and the possibility of bombing near the buildings and old-religious sites, the reconstruction of buildings against the explosion charges has been given special attention. The sanctuary of Imam Reza's shrine is important for many aspects. Apart from the historical origin of the building, which is a common factor between historical structures, its religious values and its continuous use make it more distinct from other historical buildings. In this article, The Effect of explosion distance on the destruction rate of adobe dome buildings - case study Imam Reza Shrineis paid. It was found that if 10 kg of TNT were exploded in the middle of the dome and on the ground, there would be no serious damage to the dome, and the tension strength would be less than the materialstrength, but if it was around the walls, it would destroy the wall and thus the dome. The explosion simulation with the Autodyn software and simulation of the shrine dome was done with Abaqus software.

Author(s): Abbas Momenzade, Ebrahim Alamatian, Amir Mahmudzade

ASSESSING WORKPLACE SPIRITUALITY IN A PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANIZATION: GAPS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CORRECTIVE ACTION

Volume 73, Oct 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.10.14

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Abstract: This study aims to assess strategies to transform to a more spiritual workplace in a public sector organization, to evaluate its effectiveness, possible gaps and make recommendations for a more effective execution of workplace spirituality, where needed. The study was undertaken in a large municipality department in eThekweni (Durban), South Africa. A sample of 108 participants was drawn using the cluster sampling technique. In this quantitative, cross-sectional, hypothesis-testing methodology, data was collected using a questionnaire whose psychometric properties of validity and reliability were statistically assessed using Factor Analysis and Cronbach�s Coefficient Alpha respectively. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results indicate that there is only a moderate level of workplace spirituality in this public sector organization with spirituality being the greatest at the individual level in terms of meaningfulness of work, followed by the group level relating to sense of community and lastly, the organizational level in terms of alignment with organizational values. Evidently, the elements of workplace spirituality have not yet been embraced by this public sector institution. Recommendations are presented, which when carefully implemented, has the potential to bring about a more effective implementation of workplace spirituality at the individual, group and organizational levels.

Author(s): Sanjana Brijball Parumasur, Claudette Ramnarain

DYNAMIC NODE AUTO-CONFIGURATION WITH QUALITY OF SERVICE IN MANETS

Volume 73, Oct 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.10.1

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Abstract: : Dynamic data transmission is an impressive concept in present days to reduce all the operations in mobile ad hoc network configurations. For that traditionally propose Light weight protocol for node auto configuration in real time ad hoc network simulation between nodes with data transmission. This protocol configures mobile ad hoc nodes based on a distributed address database stored in filters that reduces the control load and makes the proposal robust to packet losses and network partitions. A various leveled approach demonstrate i.e. Dynamic Node Configuration Routing (DNCR) is utilized to catch clients and chairmen's larger amount objectives into system level destinations. Given arrangements of system destinations and requirements, approaches are amassed at runtime. The new approach gives more adaptability to clients and applications to powerfully change their Quality of Service (QoS) necessities while keeping up a smooth conveyance of QoS through system screens input. Our experimental simulation results achieves dynamic and auto node configuration in reliable data presentation

Author(s): suman kumar kaundinya jujjuru, P.Sanyasi Naidu

THE CHALLENGES OF LACK OF SUSTAINABILITY OF COOPERATIVES. A PERSPECTIVE OF SELECTED ART AND CRAFT COOPERATIVES OF MUYEXE VILLAGE IN GREATER GIYANI MUNICIPALITY OF LIMPOPO PROVINCE IN SOUTH AFRICA

Volume 73, Oct 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.10.30

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Abstract: Cooperatives play a significant role in the country�s economic growth, job creation and poverty reduction. Hence, the number of registered cooperatives in South Africa has been growing very fast. However, the main challenge is that the majority of these cooperatives are underperforming. The apartheid legacy has caused many of these cooperatives to be poorly developed or unsustainable. The purpose of this study was to investigate the challenges of lack of sustainability of art and craft cooperatives in Muyexe village of Mopani district in Limpopo Province. For this purpose, eight art and craft cooperatives were used as a survey. The study used mixed research methods to collect both qualitative and quantitave data. Data was gathered from eight (8) art and craft cooperatives in Muyexe village. Data collection was done through structured questionnaires and interviews. The population of the study is eight art and craft cooperatives comprised of 88 members. 60 respondents represented all the eight cooperatives. The findings revealed some of the factors that cause unsustainability of cooperatives in the area of the study. These factors are lack of good corporate governance practices, inadequate developmental programmes, lack of experience in managing cooperatives, lack of coflict management, lack of ownership and others. To enhance the sustainability of cooperatives the research recommends that the policy makers and agencies should be encouraged to develop enough developmental programmes that will enhance the sustainability of cooperatives in the area of the study.

Author(s): Wadesango Newman

DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES INVESTMENT POLICY OF DAGESTAN REPUBLIC

Volume 73, Oct 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.10.25

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Abstract: The dynamics of volumes and investments� structure to the main capital along branches of industry was researched. Various stimulus of attracting investments to industrial enterprises of the region was analyzed. The main subject of research is investment process in industry of Dagestan and the object is branch of industry of this region. Purpose of this article is realization of investment processes analysis in industry of the region over a period of 20052015, basing of investment activities vectors of region�s industrial enterprises for attracting and effective using invests along with strategical directions of regional development.\\r\\n\\r\\nOn basis of investment processes analysis in the region�s industry there are problems of restrain attracting investments process to Republic of Dagestan�s industry: administrative barriers, misregulating of land matters, no connectivity to the engineering infrastructure, weak bank and insurance systems. There are elaborated solutions for rising of investment attraction of the region�s industrial enterprises: defining of investment priorities and shaping theirs basing, organization of investments activities management in enterprise on basis of budgeting, energization of investment processes in clusters, government support of regional investors.\\r\\n\\r\\nNot only possibilities of industrial enterprise in creating of needed technological conditions of pursuit of activities depend on successful investment activities but also results in reaching region�s strategical aims of development. It is quite clear that in conditions of exacerbating crisis of Russian economy realization of the competent investment policy will advantage literally for surviving of Dagestan industry�s enterprises.

Author(s): Nazirkhan Gadzhiev, Murtazali H. Rabadanov, Eldar M. Eldarov, Gadzhimurad I. Idziev

A Differential Sequence Generated By A Second-Order Recursion Operator

Volume 73, Oct 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.10.3

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Abstract: The motivation of our investigation is the paper by Petersson {\it et al} \cite{Petersson a} where recursion operators were obtained for a class of semilinear and quasilinear evolution equations. We consider the class of semilinear evolution equations as the basis of our investigation. By setting $a=0, b=0, c=0$ and $u_t=0$ we obtain an ordinary differential equation. We analyse the resulting differential sequence in terms of it's symmetry properties. We also obtain the complete symmetry group for each element of the sequence.

Author(s): Adhir Maharaj

AN EVALUATION OF SCHOOL DIRECTORS’ AND TEACHERS’ VIEWS ABOUT SUPERVISORS’ COMMUNICATION SKILLS

Volume 73, Oct 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.10.29

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Abstract: Effective supervision is strongly related to the communication between the supervisor and the staff in an institution. The indication that shows the attainment of supervision is directly linked with how the staff of the supervised school understand the supervisor. Therefore, supervisors should be effective communicators and have the ability to apply it. The aim of this study was to examine and compare personal views of supervisors working for the Ministry of Education in TRNC (Turkish Republic of North Cyprus) about their communication skills and how they are perceived by the Directors and teachers in primary education. A qualitative research design was used in this study. It was carried out in five primary schools in Güzelyurt in TRNC and a sampling method was followed. The data was collected in the 2015-2016 academic year through a semi-structured personal view form answered by the teachers, directors, and the supervisors supervising these schools. It was noted that communication among teachers, directors and supervisers and verbal and non- verbal communication of the supervisors were similar. Where as, during the communication procedure, conceptions to do with problems in supervising problems seemed to be different among the involved. Keywords: communication, communication skills, supervisor, supervision, educational supervision

Author(s): Fatma Taspinar

THE IMAGE OF "DEFENDER-HERO” IN HISTORICAL EPOSES. (On the materials of the Kazakh Epics)

Volume 73, Oct 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.10.17

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Abstract: The article defines the image of a defender-hero in the historical epics of the Kazakh people. In the historical poems, the character of \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"defender - hero\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" is portrayed in different ways. Usually main hero�s prototype is a real person that lived in particular region around that time. We can say that historical epic�s characters are realistic and conditional. It is known that they act within historical events, but at the same time being able to serve in epics legislation. As we can see from the poems, he was a mentor and educator who gathered around him a brave young man. From \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"defender hero\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" he has transformed into a heritage of character that cares his people. Young heroes close to Khan even though how valiant they never refuse take advice given by senior hero and do as they say, we can clearly understand their unity to keep peace by protecting people and their country from menace and danger. Because of such heroes were the protectors of our Kazakh nation we could withstand all kind of misfortunes and dangers and survived. Heroes did not just own the great steppe they also prevented it from all sort of menace. In historical epics, it is evident that the heroes served all their life during unstable and difficult times, when they did not manage to resolve their own personal problems. \\\\\\\\nIn addition, the psalms belonging to the historical epic genre of Kazakh folklore, which we are considering, are diverse. In all of them honored portrait of hero that served his country. However, according to the purpose and the main theme of the epos, we have noticed that the \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"defender-hero�s\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" personality image is different.

Author(s): Gulnaz Dautova, B. Azibayeva, Z. Aimuhambet, K. Sarekenova, R. Abilkhamitkyzy

FRAMING AND COMMUNITY BROADCASTING ON FAMILY DEVELOPMENT ISSUES IN SOUTH AFRICA: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF SETSWANA AND SESOTHO LANGUAGES

Volume 73, Oct 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.10.8

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Abstract: The idea of community broadcast in the African continent is aimed to enhance citizen participation and grass-root development. This study investigated the extent to which community radio makes use of indigenous languages to give attention to family development issues in South Africa. This study was anchored on the framing and ecological system theories, which stipulate that community radio has the capacity to place emphasis on a specific angle of a news story or socio-cultural issue. The method used for data collection was content analysis, which provided qualitative and quantitative data to achieve the objectives of the study. The results indicated that almost 45% of family development issues focused on challenges of marriage in South Africa; more than 19% of family development issues were centered on youth and young people. The challenges of marriage were at the focal point of debate and discussion on family development issues. The study concluded that community radio operatives must work hand-in-hand with psychologists and counselors in message creation for broadcast programming so as to address the perennial socio-cultural issues plaguing the African continent.

Author(s): Choja Oduaran, Nelson Okorie, Marilyn Setlalentoa

A NEW MODEL IN EDUCATIONAL SUPERVISION; CONTINUOUS/NON-STOP SUPERVISOR

Volume 73, Oct 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.10.19

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Abstract: Abstract The aim of this research is to establish the teachers’ opinions towards the structure of continuous / non-stop supervisor, that is a new model in educational supervising. In this work, mentorship, educational coaching is dealt with as a new, modern alternative approach in educational supervision and a new model is put forward. In this study which was undertaken by qualitative data collection, semi-structured interview technique was utilized. The research group of this study is comprised of teachers who are serving in the state schools affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in various cities of Ankara in the educational term of 2016-2017. An interview form was applied to 20 teachers who serve in various schools in Ankara. After the analyzing of the data collected relevant to the structure of the continuous / non-stop supervisor, it was emerged that the most of the teachers have positive opinions that is centered said structure. Concurrently, it was established that the teachers will be able to be practical more easily and to be contributed to their eye-opening in their careers by the system of continuous /non-stop supervisor. Besides, it was concluded that the vocational improvement of the teachers will fasten through many dimensions under the supervising of educational coach and mentor. Keywords: coaching, mentorship, education, colleague help.

Author(s): Mehmet Emin Onder, Murat Tezer

EXPOSING THE MAJOR DETERMINANTS OF DIGITAL DIVIDE IN SOUTHERN AFRICA

Volume 73, Oct 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.10.28

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Abstract: In this paper a quantitative analysis of factors that affect broadband growth and penetration in southern African region is integrated with that of the qualitative factors to espouse the major determinants of a digital divide or low broadband uptake in the region. Two sets of analyzed data are presented and meta-inferences are drawn as major determinants of broadband growth and penetration (BGP) are exposed. A mixed methods approach was used in this research whereby Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used for analysis of quantitative data and Atlas. ti for qualitative data. The ultimate goal was to come up with a proposed framework for broadband growth and penetration for southern Africa as a tool for decision makers. Keywords: Broadband, CFA, BGP, meta-inferences

Author(s): Karikoga Gorejena, Nehemiah Mavetera, Mthulisi Velempini

TRENDS IN 5E MODEL RESEARCH IN EDUCATION

Volume 73, Oct 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.10.27

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Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the scientific research trends related with 5E model in education and to evaluate the studies published in Web of Science, Science Direct, National Thesis Archieve of Higher Education Council and databases in TUBITAK and ULAKBIM (National Academic Network and Information Center) between 2013 and 2017 (March) based on content analysis. This is a descriptive study based on survey model. Data of the study were collected with document analysis method. In this context, a total number of 204 studies were reached and examined. Data were analyzed with grouping the data based on 8 different variables. The results showed that most of the studies were conducted in 2016. According to research, it was determined that the studies observed (examined) by the number of authors are limited to two writers. Particularly, primary school students were the most frequently selected sample group in the studies. The sample size is between 51-100 in the studies examined. It was also revealed that most of the studies used mixed research method. It is concluded that the most commonly used method of data collection was pretest – posttest. T-test come out as a most common used method in the studies when the data analysis methods and techniques of the study are examined. In the sample selection process of the study, it is observed that the authors preferred to use random selection method. As a result of the study, findings obtained according to the analyzed eight headings were evaluated and suggestions were made to contribute researchers in the future. Keywords: 5E Model, 5E Model in Education, 5E teaching method

Author(s): Kezban Ozansoy, Ozge Beyatli

THE ATTITUDE OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS TOWARDS ANATOMY COURSE AT NEAR EAST UNIVERSITY

Volume 73, Oct 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.10.20

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Abstract: Human anatomy education at undergraduate level has become rather complicated as in many other disciplines due to rapid development of new education-training methods such as use of audiovisual material, internet based learning, virtual reality simulation, and multimedia learning which creates some sort of educational complexity. The mode of education and training which is an interaction period between the instructor and the learner may have a significant impact on the attitude of the students towards a spesific course. Hence, it is critical to identify the attitute of the students regarding the human anatomy education while considering their demographic characteristics. In accordance with this purpose a questionnaire was implemented to 316 students who took the human anatomy course in the Near East University; 198 of the students were female and 118 were male. The 39.2% of the participants of the study had only theoretical sessions while 60.8% had theoretical and practical sessions of anatomy. The students’ attitude were assessed by means of questionnaire that has been developed by Bahçeci in 2006; it included 24 questions for the attitude towards the human anatomy course while 14 questions formed the demographic part of the questionnaire. The students of the faculty of medicine, faculty of dentistry, faculty of pharmacy, and faculty of health sciences were included in the study. PASS (Power and Sample Size) Version 15.0 was used for calculating the sample size while two step systematic strafied sampling method was used for the sample selection. Level of significance was set at 0.05. The results showed that two of the subscales namely involvement and preconception as well the total score were statistically significantly higher for the group who had both theoretical and practical anatomy sessions compared to the ones who had anatomy course only through the theoretical lectures. Keywords: Anatomy, Health Sciences, Student Attitude, Teaching and Learning

Author(s): Selda Onderoglu, Sezgin Ilgi, Mehtap Tiryakioglu Yuksel, R. Yavuz Arican, Ozgur Tosun, Sibel Suzek Birkollu, Turan Koc, Sevda Lafci Fahrioglu

PERFORMANCE OF HIGH SCHOOL ECONOMICS LEARNERS’ IN SOUTH AFRICAN CAMPS: AN ANALYSIS OF TEACHER QUALITY AND LEARNER ACHIEVEMENT

Volume 73, Oct 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.10.16

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Abstract: This article explored the fundamentals of learner performance with regard to teacher quality in South African high school camps. The main objective was to establish the impact of good teaching strategies on learner achievement for grade 12 learners. This is mainly due to the fact that poor learners from under performing schools are encouraged to attend such camps with the aim of getting exposed to the best teachers in specific subjects including Economics. These teachers are selected by the Department of Basic Education according to their current learners pass rate which usually range from 90% � 100%. The article focused on economics subject learners and the data was collected using questionnaires and interview schedules from 65 randomly selected learners and 8 teachers and analysed through a mixed method approach using Atlas.ti and Statistical Package for Social Sciences software. Results showed that high qualifications together with numerous years of experience for teachers including good practices and teaching strategies possessed have very huge impact on learners� performance. More than 60% of the learners agreed that good practices, availability of resources and good teaching strategies where key factors available in camps which in turn improved their performance and achievement in the subject as a whole.

Author(s): Mubanga Mpundu, Nolutho Diko

INVESTIGATING THE INFLUENCE OF E-BUSINESS USAGE TOWARDS PERFORMANCE OF SERVICE-BASED BUSINESSES IN MALAYSIA

Volume 73, Oct 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.10.26

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Abstract: The current study sought empirical evidence on the effect of E-business usage towards business performance in the Malaysian service industry. Applying the concept of the balanced scorecard, the current study examined the impact of E-business usage towards business performance based on four perspectives of impact on financial, impact on customers, impact on internal process, and impact on learning and growth.The current study also takes into consideration the influence of a moderating variable (E-business experience) to further understand how E-business value creations varied depending on the amount of time spent by companies to engage in E-business. The study focused on online tourism, financial and transportation service sectors in seeking evidences of E-business practices and its implications on the service industry. Results suggested that E-business usage and business performance were closely linked. Research findings had also demonstrated that experience in E-business plays a significant role as a moderator in the usage-performance relationship.

Author(s): Intan Salwani Mohamed, Govindan Marthandan