Archive of Journal
Volume 75, Issue 7, Jul. 2019

PIAGET'S THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT AND ITS EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS

Volume 75, Jul 2019
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2019.7.11

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Abstract: Piaget's theory of cognitive development is essentially based on the four stages of intellectual and mental development. These stages are commonly known as sensori-motor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operations which range from 0 to about 12 years of age. Semantically, it ranges from infancy to adolescence. Such range is very important for the child and the teacher in the classroom. Knowledge of such development contributes to the teachers’ effective teaching. In this context, it is important for teachers to be familiar with the education implication of Piaget’s theory which is the principal objective of the current Paper. Such knowledge will certainly contribute to the learners’ understanding what is being taught as well as contribute to teachers being more effective in their profession and teaching career.

Author(s): Prof Tuntufye S Mwamwenda

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: A REFLECTION ON PIAGET’S CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE

Volume 75, Jul 2019
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2019.7.10

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Abstract: An American professor visiting an African university in Southern Africa was asked ’Is Piaget relevant in Africa?’ Though this question may sound ideological, or of a general scientific nature, it can also be interpreted as relating to the social and intellectual development of African children. The answer to this question is affirmative, as long as Africa doesn’t only cling to its cultural heritage, but also utilises foreign contributions in the fields of science and technology. Inherent in Piaget’s theory are basic principles of logic, science, mathematics, morality, justice, ethics, technology and commerce with which all African children should be conversant if Africa is to keep abreast with the rest of the world. This Paper aims at engaging on my reflections on Piaget’s theory of cognitive development.

Author(s): Prof Tuntufye S Mwamwenda

INVESTIGATION OF THE NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT REFORM ON SERVICE DELIVERY IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: E-GOVERNANCE

Volume 75, Jul 2019
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2019.7.1

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Abstract: Public management reform in most countries across the world has received much attention in recent days. One aspect of public management is Service delivery and it is what either makes or breaks a society. The use of e-governance / e-government has proved to be successful in many parts of the world (Euan, 2012). This study investigated the impact of adopting and implementing the new public management reforms on service delivery at the immigration department. Using a mixed method approach, data was obtained through closed and open-ended questions and drew from participants’ views and reports regarding their experiences with service delivery under the new public management reforms. A multi-stage sampling design that selected 260 participants comprising of customers and government officials was utilized. The study found that reforms at the department of immigration have yielded improved service delivery. Accordingly, the study generated specific recommendations from the perspective of these stakeholders.

Author(s): Kgalemelo Rodnie Mafa, Desmond Wesley Govender

METHODOLOGY OF SOCIAL AND LABOR NETWORK RELATIONS CONSTRUCTION: AXIOLOGICAL ASPECTS

Volume 75, Jul 2019
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2019.7.8

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Abstract: Purpose: modern labor sphere dynamics is determined by the need to analyze the social and labor relations innovative development and form a methodology to construct social and labor relations network models. \\nMethods: the system of social and labor relations is considered on the basis of an integrated institutional-axiological approach and on the synthesis of networking and co-evolutionary approaches involving the development of interacting elements as a single network system while maintaining integrity. \\nResults: Theoretical and methodological aspects of the social and labor relations network models construction using an institutional-axiological approach have been investigated. The author proposes methodology for the social and labor relations network system construction, it includes six blocks: �social and economic efficiency in the system of social and labor relations�, �structure and infrastructure of the interactions network�, �corporate network of values�, �institutional space of the network �, �ability to transform�, �co-evolutionary conditionality�. The paper considers new approaches to form various configurations of social and labor relations network models. The following basic configurations of network models are proposed: a divisional network model of social and labor relations, a matrix network model, an agent network model, a network pyramid (vertical network), a technological network of social and labor relations. \\nConclusions: This study results can be used as a methodological basis to design network models of the social and labor relations system in any company (group of enterprises, holdings, etc.).

Author(s): Legchilina Elena

THE INVESTIGATION PROBLEMS OF THE DIALECTS AND ACCENTS OF NAKHCHIVAN

Volume 75, Jul 2019
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2019.7.7

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Abstract: The article has been devoted to the investigation history of Nakhchivan dialects and accents. Learning process of Nakhchivan dialects and accents began from the 40th years of passed century. We can grouped such works in two stages: The first stage reflects 1940-1990th years that is begun the learning of the dialects and accents of the region and some works had done on this field. The second stage begins from 1990th years and continues till our time. This stage is more productivity than before. So the dialects and accents of Nakchivan is widely learnt in this period. Result of researches many voluminous investigations, monographs and books were written. These works are the value sources in learning the dialects and accents of the region. Here the author notes that related with the development of society, changing the life and welfare some of the words go out of the active lexicon, but they live in our dialects and accents as the witness of the history. Therefore widely researching of dialects and accents gives a new language facts to turkology science and language history.

Author(s): Nuray Aliyeva

THE IMPACT OF LABOUR MIGRATION ON THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF CENTRAL ASIA

Volume 75, Jul 2019
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2019.7.9

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Abstract: Most of the UN sustainable development goals closely intertwined with migration and mobility. In the chapter, we have explored how and to what extent labour migration from and to the Central Asian countries affects on socio-economic aspects of the sustainable development of the region and countries. Due to the establishment of the Eurasian Economic Union in 2015 and culturally and historically connection, there is a high inflow of Central Asian labour migrants to Russia and Kazakhstan. Despite the economic crisis, labour migration to Russia remains an important source of income for most of the Central Asian countries. It can be explained by declining production, low wages, high unemployment, and poverty in most of the countries of Central Asia. However, labour migration can positively result on these push economic factors through reduction of the unemployment in the home countries, generally resulting in a strong effect of “social welfare assistance”, and through remittances increasing the purchasing power of the population which can help to overcome such issues as hunger and poverty.

Author(s): Sergey V. Ryazantsev, Galina N. Ochirova

REDUCING PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES BY THE MONONCHIDA NEMATODE ORDER

Volume 75, Jul 2019
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2019.7.5

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Abstract: The inventory of nematodes associated with Alfa in the natural reserve of Mergueb located in Ain Elhadjel- Wilaya of M\'Sila (35 � 35\' N 03 � 56\' E), characterized by a semi arid bioclimate, revealed the diversity of thirteen genus. In a second area, the experimental station ITAFV M�d�a (36 � 11 \' N; 02 � 50\' E) located in the semi-arid bioclimatic stage, seventeen genus of nematodes found in the differents vineyard soils. These nematode genus divided according to their diets in four trophic groups: phytophagous (Paratylenchus sp. Tylenchorhynchus sp., Pratylenchus sp., Nothotylenchus sp. and Xiphinema sp., the fungivorous (Aphelenchus sp., Tylenchus sp., and Ditylenchus sp.), the bacteriovorous (Rhabditis sp., Cephalobus sp. and Chiloplachus sp.) and omnivorous predator (Dorylaimus sp. and Discolaimus sp.) while the nematode�s densities vary depending to the study sites. This study of nematode populations associated with Vine and Alfa in the northerrn of Algeria, allowed us to enhance the effect of the predatory nematodes Mononchida order. Our investigations have focused on a set of eight stations. The results express the degree of predation of nematodes by the Mononchida order on different trophic groups of nematodes while Mononchus is positively correlated to the bacterivorous and fungivorous nematodes but negatively to plant parasitic nematodes.\r\nKey � words: Trophic Group, Predation, Alfa, Vine. Mononchida

Author(s): DJAMAL EDINE BERRABAH, HOCEINI F., KHAOUANI B., BOUARFA S., DOUMANDJI S., DOUMANDJI-MITICHE B.

THE ALIGNMENT OF LEARNING OUTCOMES TO ASSESSMENTS: INCORPORATING HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS IN GRADE 12 SCIENCE CLASSROOMS

Volume 75, Jul 2019
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2019.7.3

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Abstract: This article explores the alignment of learning outcomes to assessments in science classrooms; and also what high school teachers do to incorporate higher order thinking skills in teaching science. I argue that science teachers do not always align learning outcomes to what they assess in science classrooms. My argument is that if HODs and science teachers do not incorporate HOT skills in science teaching, South Africa isfar away from improving Physical Science matric results. Data was collected through document analysis and semi structured interviews with 12 Science heads of departments (HODs) and senior teachers, who are experienced in teaching high school Physical Sciences. They are the curriculum leaders and experts in schools. The mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) approach was used. This study adopts interpretive research paradigm. Data analysis revealed that while HODs and science teachers understand what HOT and CT skills are, they do not incorporate them in science teaching. Another finding is that learning outcomes were not aligned to assessments, which caused problems when learners write National Senior Examinations (NSE). This paper suggests that HOD s incorporate and model HOT skills to science teachers and science teachers need to further model HOT skills to grade 12 science learners. This might help in improving Physical Sciences National NSE results. This paper further suggests models that can be used to effectively teach HOT skills across disciplines.

Author(s): Zanele Masuku

IMPACTS OF TREATED WASTEWATER ON THEHALOMORPHICPHOENICICULTURAL ENVIRONMENT IN OUARGLA BASIN (NORTHERN ALGERIAN SAHARA

Volume 75, Jul 2019
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2019.7.2

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Abstract: \\r\\nOuargla, one of the main oases inthe Algerian Sahara. In this region, the date palm tree is the most dominant cultivated plant. Theobjective of ourresearch is to study the effects of the agricultural reuse of treated wastewater on the phoenicicultural environment in Ouargla by diagnosingof the variations on the halomorphic phenomenon in soil, groundwater and foliar of palm tree. For this purpose, nine differentstations werechosen within three are phoenicicultural perimeters irrigated by treated wastewater, three perimetersirrigated by water well and three uncultivated stations used as controlsfor soil and groundwaterquality. To achieve our objectives, we adopted the agropedological approach combined by the installation of piezometers in each station toidentifysome physico-chemical soil, groundwater and date palm leaflets parameters. Our results indicate that the soils at our study sites are naturally salty (3.81±1.2 mS/cm). At the same time, irrigation generally has positive effects on reducing soil salinity rates by leaching saltsto the groundwater table. Soil concentrations of bicarbonates and total nitrogen are low (successively 378±92mg/Land 0.56±0.01%). On the other hand, groundwater is too salty, it is excessively salty (128±58mS/cm), and charged with chloride Cl-(5141±203mg/L) and sodium Na+(2772±900mg/L).Alternatively, irrigation with treated water has positive effects on leaf nitrogen enrichment (0.26±0.1%), whereas the effect of salt stress on Na+(466±80mg/L and Cl-(342±24 mg/L) accumulation in palm leaves is not yet significant, but requires long-termcontrol due to their potentially toxic impacts on plants

Author(s): BOUHANNA Amal, DADDI BOUHOUN Mustapha, IDDER Tahar

IMPROVEMENT OF ALFALFA GROWTH UNDER WATER STRESS BY INOCULATION WITH SINORHIZOBIUM MELILOTI STRAINS FROM THE ALGERIAN SAHARA

Volume 75, Jul 2019
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2019.7.4

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Abstract: Water deficit is one of the most important environmental stresses that adversely affect crop growth and production; and symbiotic bacteria have an important role in resistance to drought stress. Growth and nodulation of an alfalfa population originating from Ouargla oasis in association with six rhizobial strains (four local strains: E131, E222, O152 and O172, and two introduced strains: Sm1021 and Sm2011) exposed to three levels of water deficit (75%, 50% and 25% of field capacity) were assessed under greenhouse conditions. Phylogenetic analysis of concatenated sequences of glnII and recA showed that tested strains were closely related to reference strain S. meliloti USDA 1002T at similarity level of 97.76 and 98.07%, respectively. Increasing water stress gradually reduced plant growth and nodulation. At irrigation doses D2 and D3, growth was reduced respectively by 30% and 80% of plant height and by 31% and 72% of root length. Likewise, shoot and root dry weights decreased. The negative effect was more pronounced on shoots (39% and 75%) than on roots (no significant difference between control and D2, and between control and D3). Inoculation increased the capability of the plants to counteract the stress compared to the non-inoculated plants. So, the plants inoculated with Sm2011 and O152 strains increased shoot height, root length, shoot and root dry weights and formed the most efficient symbiotic couples compared to the other strains and non-inoculated control in all water stress levels. Inoculation under water stress was found to significantly affect nodule numbers of alfalfa. Under severe stress, a significantly higher nodule number was obtained with the O152 and Sm2011 strains. Under moderate stress, strains Sm2011, Sm1021 had the best nodulation. Our results show that combining alfalfa and rhizobial strains with superior water stress tolerance is an effective strategy to improve alfalfa productivity in drought affected areas. KEYWORDS: Water stress, alfalfa, Sinorhizobium meliloti, resistance, yield.

Author(s): Salim Azib, Hamid Cheloufi, Sara Attab, Noureddine Bouras

EMERGING RESEARCHERS IN EMERGING UNIVERSITIES: LIVED EXPERIENCES (UNDERSTANDING CHALLENGES FACED

Volume 75, Jul 2019
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2019.7.6

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Abstract: The paper documents challenges faced by emerging researchers in rural universities, through exploring the lived experiences of these emerging researchers. The paper argues that research creates new knowledge, benefits the education institutions, and impacts national development and transformation. This explains why Higher Education institutions across the globe strive to increase their research output. The research component is so valued that the clich� �publish or perish� aptly defines the academic�s career prospects. In a bid to achieve research excellence and boost research output, South African universities, especially the emerging rural universities, went on a massive recruitment drive for Research Fellows, doctors and professors. Some generously accorded monetary incentives to publishing academics. No sooner does an emerging researcher get appointed at the university than they are expected to contribute to the institution�s publication profile. This necessitated the establishment of the challenges emerging researchers encountered in such institutions. The paper was informed by Constructivist theory. The study employed the qualitative approach and a case study design in order to achieve the aim. Purposive sampling techniques were used to identify three emerging rural institutions and fifteen (15) emerging researchers. Collection of data was through in-depth one-on-one interviews. Thematic frames were used to present and analyse data. The study revealed that, key among the myriad challenges the constraining emerging researchers� publication included heavy workloads and lack of research technical skills. The recommendation is that management in emerging rural universities should come up with capacity development workshops in various research aspects, to empower the emerging researchers. \r\nKeywords: Capacity building, Challenges, Emerging Researcher, Higher Education Infrastructure, Institutions, Transformation

Author(s): Marongwe Newlin, Mbodila Munienge, Sibanda Jabulani