Archive of Journal
Volume 73, Issue 11, Nov. 2017

PATTERN OF ADOLESCENT MANAGEMENT BASED ON SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY PERSPECTIVE

Volume 73, Nov 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.11.25

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Abstract: PATTERN OF ADOLESCENT MANAGEMENT BASED ON SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY PERSPECTIVE 1Kusnul Khotimah (Student/UniversitasNegeri Semarang/Indonesia/+6285755646797/cuznoel777@gmail.com) 2Prof. Dr. Masrukhi, M. Pd. (Teacher/UniversitasNegeri Semarang/Indonesia) 3Dr. TriwatyArsal, M.Si. (Teacher/UniversitasNegeri Semarang/Indonesia) 4Prof. Dr. Sucihatiningsih D.W. P., M.Si (Teacher/UniversitasNegeri Semarang/Indonesia) ABSTRACT The city of Blitar, also known as Patria City, was legally established on April 1, 1906. In its development, the momentum was then declared as Blitar City Anniversary. In this city the place lies Bung Karno, the Proclaimer, First President of Indonesia, the great idiologist and thinker of the world who is admired by both Indonesian society and the world community. The city of Blitar is also one of the historic places for the Indonesian Nation, where prior to the proclamation of this place has been called for the independence of Indonesia followed by raising the Red and White which then led to PETA Rebellion by SudancoSupriyadi. Nevertheless, the number of juvenile delinquency jumped high in MTs Maarif NU Blitar City. MTs Maarif NU Kota Blitar is a formal educational institution in carrying out educational activities, implementing Boarding School System that is all students live in dormitory/boarding school located in campus environment MTs Maarif NU Blitar City. Types of violations that are often committed by students who violate the rules or regulations of schools in MTs Ma'arif NU Blitar City from 2011 to 2015 varied include: smoking there are 700 students, ditching 657 students, dating there are 652 students, not entering school without certificate there are 642 students, carrying hp there are 542 students, fighting there are 442 students, alcoholic drink there are 434 students, and do not wear attribute there are 100 students. The purpose of this research is to study the pattern of juvenile delinquency handling based on social learning theory perspective.The method used in this research by using qualitative research approach.The results showed that juvenile delinquency can be reduced in number by using social learning theory Bandura (1977) which states that the way a person behave can be learned and can be changed by through learning to observe. Keywords: handling pattern, juvenile delinquency, social learning theory

Author(s): Kusnul Khotimah, Masrukhi, Triwaty Arsal, Sucihatiningsih D.W. P.

FACTORS IMPACTING ON ACCESS TO CLOFAZIMINE IN KWAZULU NATAL, SOUTH AFRICA TO SUPPORT ROLL OUT OF THE UPDATED 2016 DRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS GUIDELINES

Volume 73, Nov 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.11.24

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Abstract: Clofazimine (CFZ), previously used in the treatment of leprosy, has been repurposed for use in drug resistant tuberculosis treatment. In 2016 the World Health Organization published updated drug resistant tuberculosis guidelines that include CFZ as a core medicine in the treatment regimen. The new regimen adopted by South Africa (SA), has the potential to improve treatment success rates from 52% for multidrug resistant tuberculosis (2013 cohort) and 28% for extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (Global TB report 2016) to > 85% as reported under study conditions by Van Deun et al. As SA prepares to roll-out the new regimen it is important to assess factors impacting on access and availability of CFZ to ensure a sustainable supply of medicine to meet the needs of the population. Published literature was reviewed to identify barriers to CFZ access globally followed by a review of the South African policy guidelines and usage at a centralized drug resistant tuberculosis unit in KwaZulu Natal to assess if these barriers impact on access. A review of pharmacy issues between 2012 and July 2017 was conducted. A literature search of publications that cited barriers to CFZ access found that common provider barriers globally were lack of registration, regulatory restrictions, non-inclusion into National guidelines and essential medicines list and limitations in the number of pre-qualified products registered. A review of South African policy documents and usage indicated that although some global barriers did exist in SA, there is access to CFZ in KZN as shown by usage history although restricted to the centralized unit. During the study period 2012 – July 2017, 2209 patients with pre-extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (resistance to rifampicin, isoniazid, aminoglycoside or fluoroquinolone) and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (resistance to rifampicin, isoniazid, aminoglycoside and fluoroquinolone) received CFZ as part of their treatment regimen. This was facilitated by the importation of CFZ into the country using a section 21 authorization. Compliance to the regulatory requirements of informed consents and progress reports was found to be a challenge and must be addressed if the authorization is to be renewed every 6 months. Expansion of the usage of CFZ to multidrug resistant tuberculosis (resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid only) will increase demand from approximately 300 to 3000 patients per year making it impossible to sustain the regulatory requirements associated with the use of an unregistered medicine. In conclusion there is political will in SA to enable access to CFZ as seen by inclusion into the South African multidrug resistant tuberculosis guidelines and usage. However, some barriers do exist that may impact negatively on sustainable access to medicine that may erode the perceived success of the new short course MDR TB treatment regimen. It is hereby recommended that CFZ registration in SA for a tuberculosis indication and inclusion into the National STG and EML must be fast-tracked and access to CFZ must also be decentralized to all initiating facilities in KZN.

Author(s): Nirupa Misra, P. Naidoo, N. Padaytchi

TEACHING AND LEARNING CYCLIC QUADRILATERAL THEOREMS USING SKETCHPAD IN A GRADE 11 CLASS IN SOUTH AFRICA

Volume 73, Nov 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.11.23

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Abstract: As a component of a continuous evaluation of the curriculum, the South African Department of Basic Education introduced the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) in 2012, which re-introduced Euclidean geometry into the Further, Education and Training (FET) phase. This means that learners are now forced to engage with formal proof in the mathematics classroom. Many problems emerged as learners performed very poorly in geometry related questions. Research based on remediation of such problems has suggested the incorporation of technological mediating artefacts (Sketchpad, Cabrii, for example) that support learners` learning of geometry. This paper discusses the result of an intervention where learners were provided with support using Sketchpad and worksheets, to investigate and prove cyclic quadrilateral theorems and thereafter solve problems related to these theorems. This study involved seventeen grade 11 learners who were taught using a designed model of teaching and later subjected to a task-based activity. Nine were subsequently selected for an interview. This qualitative study revealed that in most cases learners require assistance from the teachers during their proving process. The overwhelming finding is that they need to practice proof with adult guidance in order to become self-sufficient in the proving process.

Author(s): Vimolan Mudaly, Sifiso Mahlaba

A SLIDING WINDOW BASED METHOD TO MINE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE REGULAR PATTERNS IN DATA STREAMS USING VERTICAL DATA FORMAT

Volume 73, Nov 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.11.29

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Abstract: Finding patterns is one of the auspicious features of data mining. Many researchers invented fabulous methods, algorithms to find frequent patterns as well as regular patterns. More emphasis is required to find regular patterns compared to frequent patterns which bank on traditional support count and confidence frame work. Yet these methods suffer from outliers and require additional means and measures to eliminate them. Hence the FP-Tree and RP tree algorithms are more reliable and effective compared to the earlier algorithms. There were many developments took place in algorithms finding sequential patterns, irregular patterns, and rare patterns and so on. In our studies we observed there was no much emphasis on negative patterns which are very few in nature. Also in real time scenarios there is great scope for the importance of negative patterns for example penguins are birds but do not fly. In this paper we are presenting SW_NPRISM algorithm to find all the negative and positive itemset from a stream of data on sliding window protocol. Data streams are dynamic in nature with numerous variables and complex objects. Sliding window protocol is very much handy in such environment. Our method finds both negative and positive itemset from a stream of data with various regularity thresholds from a window using vertical data format.

Author(s): N. V. S. Pavan Kumar, K. Rajasekhara Rao

EXAMINING PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES FOR INTERIOR DESIGN STUDENTS AT AHLIA UNIVERSITY – BAHRAIN

Volume 73, Nov 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.11.19

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Abstract: Generally, the economic crisis in the world and the increasing number of graduates in all academic fields created challenges to employability. In this context, this research sheds light on the knowledge and skills the interior design graduates of Ahlia University (AU) have which sought by design firms in Bahrain. According to the last survey by the Professional Relations Office at Ahlia University for the interior design graduates shows that only 51.86% of the graduates were employed (44.44% in interior design jobs) which emphasize that employers are dissatisfied with the competencies of the interior design graduates. Generally, identifying these data allows universities reviewing their interior design curricula to meet the expected competencies in the market both locally and globally. Interviewing some of the employers in the interior design profession shows that the hiring criteria for graduates depend heavily on the graduates’ skills, knowledge, and technology. Also, interior design alumni’ feedback on Ahlia University regarding the curriculum will determine the knowledge areas and skills required by interior and architecture firms. As a result, a random sample of twenty-five (25) employers were interviewed and a questionnaire was mailed to a sample of 125 interior design students graduating from the Ahlia University in Bahrain between the years 2012 to 2017 to check their knowledge and design skills. Findings rigorously revealed a clear understanding of how to promote the professional competencies for the interior design graduates for Bahrain market. On the other hand, alumni agreed that they are less prepared in specific areas such as project budgets and schedules, project supervision, and principles of sustainability. Reviewing different literature in interior design and architecture education show that there is no study about the preferred alumni competencies by employers, thus this research is essential for the interior design department at Ahlia University, the alumni, and the industry.

Author(s): Imad Assali

LINGUOSTYLISTIC ASPECTS OF THE CONCEPTUAL ROLE OF LOVE IN THE PROSE FICTION OF RUSSIAN WRITER AND POET IVAN BUNIN

Volume 73, Nov 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.11.22

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Abstract: The scientific novelty of this article is determined by the fact that the conceptualization of the prose of Ivan A. Bunin has not yet been the subject of a special study. For the first time, methods and types of conceptualization have been developed. Structures that organize semantic space in Bunin�s prose are investigated in an attempt to analyze the concept of love in terms of the detection of a framing (stereotypical, typified) structure that reflects the deep mental nature and its individual author content in definite works of art. A linguostylistic analysis of linguistic units verbalizing the concept of love is given using the material of literary descriptions.\r\nThe purpose of the article is to study the individual peculiarities of the conceptualization of love reflected in the individual style of Bunin.\r\nThe methodological basis of the study is formed by conceptual analysis (a set of methods and techniques used for describing the concept and frame).\r\nTo form the theoretical and methodological basis of the research, the author studied works on cultural studies, philosophy, psychology, and philology, which gave information of an extra-linguistic nature. This made it possible to expand the scope of the interpretive field of the love concept.\r\nThis theoretical significance of the study consists in deepening the main provisions of linguistics and linguoculturology when analyzing the concept of love.

Author(s): Elena Luludova

FORMATION OF COGNITIVE COMPONENT OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION BACHELORS THROUGH THE TRAINING TASK

Volume 73, Nov 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.11.14

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Abstract: Abstract: Competence-oriented teaching in modern Russian higher school is aimed at training the bachelor with the ability to think creatively and find non-standard solutions, the ability to choose a career path, the willingness to learn throughout life. In this regard, the formation of cognitive component of professional competence of pedagogical education bachelors becomes important. The authors of this article recognize the cognitive component as one of the leading structural elements of professional competence of pedagogical education bachelors, which is responsible for the ability to produce professionally significant knowledge, to update it in professional pedagogical activity.\r\nThe training task is considered as a means capable of forming the investigated component. The design of the training task aimed at the formation of cognitive component of professional competence of pedagogical education bachelors in this study will be carried out in the framework of educational technology Web Quest.

Author(s): Babushkina L. E., Kadakin V. V., Shukshina T. I., Eremkina N. I., Kiryakova O. V.

CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES AND METHODS OF OVERCOMING THE STRESS OF STUDENTS AT THE MODERN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

Volume 73, Nov 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.11.13

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Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of the causes, consequences and methods of prevention and elimination of educational stress of students in higher education institutions, including international universities. The role of studying this issue for higher educational institutions has been established, the importance of creating a system for management of educational stress in modern universities is emphasized. During the series of author\'s interviews with students, the main �stressors� were clarified, among which are more significant: conflicts in the group, large training overloads, inability to combine work and personal life, ineffective communication with teachers, unhealthy competition in the group. For foreign students, the main stressors are: problems of acclimatization, habituation to the conditions of living in a hostel, the need for communication in a foreign language, getting used to another way of life, attitudes towards oneself in others. The article suggests a number of stress management methods for students, among them: use of a variety of stress management tools (physical exercises, psychological support, etc.), friendly communications between teachers and students, introduction of �stress management� disciplines into training plans, strengthening of the position of psychological support services in universities, etc. In addition, the authors proposed four models of psychological support for students in modern institutions of higher professional education.

Author(s): Anna Romanovna Sardarian, Taras Vasilievich Kiyashchuk, Alla Alexandrovna Kiyashchuk

SOCIAL CONFLICT IN THE MODERN RUSSIAN SOCIETY ON EXAMPLE OF THE 'DOCTOR-PATIENT' RELATIONS

Volume 73, Nov 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.11.18

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Abstract: The article analyzes one of the most pressing and difficult problems of the modern Russian society the conflict between a doctor and a patient. The authors study the main factors of the development of the social conflict exemplified by the doctor-patient relationship under conditions of the modernization of the healthcare and public health service for the modern Russian society. The complex approach to the research of the process of interaction between the healthcare and society and the structural and functional approach to the research of the conflict relations in the system doctor-patient constitute the methodological framework of the sociologic research. The objective and subjective reasons causing the conflict, appearing in doctor-patient relationship in the modern Russian society have been determined during the research. The authors have proved that the objective reasons include: the imperfection of the existing regulatory structure in the healthcare, the imbalance in the hierarchy of the healthcare institutions control, the low quality of the medical education of the future healthcare professionals, the wider range of commercial healthcare services, and the destructive activity of the mass media. The subjective reasons of the conflict are caused by the personal characteristics of the doctor and patient. They include: the moral and worldview disagreements, the mismatch of the doctors personal traits with his position, the deformation of the professional conscience of the doctors, the physicias low motivation to work, and the disinterest in the patient curing, which leads to the medical errors. The conclusions are proved by the empirical results of the sociological doctor-patient conflict case study. The measures to regulate the doctor-patient relationship and to decrease the social tension are suggested in the conclusion.

Author(s): Elena N. Solomatina, Nadezhda G. Osipova, Tatiana V. Semina

TOURISTIC ROUTE MODEL OF INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE ON COMMUNITY \r\nTOURISM: SALASACA EXPERIENCE\r\n

Volume 73, Nov 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.11.28

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Abstract: One of the main features of the Salasaca indigenous community is that they try to keep their cultural practices, which are the product of their peoples worldview. Under this premise and focusing itself on the objectives of the Sumak Kawsay, the community tourism in the area has been promoted. This activity is a potential economic axis and at the same time it is a strategy to improve life quality on the community. The objective of this research is to create a touristic route model of intangible cultural heritage for the development of community tourism, which is adapted to the attractive places and the community necessities. The applied methodology was an ethnographic study and a participative tourism mapping which was done by contacting the local community in Salasaca. They cooperate directly with information related to ancestral knowledge and experiences that was got through participatory diagnostic techniques such as surveys, interviews and focused groups to specify the attractions to be drawn on the route and thus finally conclude that each community determines their attractions and their model of tourism development according to their worldview and daily life.

Author(s): Maria Fernanda Viteri Toro, Daniela Masaquiza Jerez; Francisco Torres Onate; Yolanda Perez Jerez; Elizabeth Viteri Toro; Ruth Infante Paredes

EFFICIENT TEXTURE BASED FUZZY DISTANCE CLUSTERING AND SOM OPTIMAL CLASSIFIER FOR FOREGROUND MOVING OBJECT DETECTION

Volume 73, Nov 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.11.10

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Abstract: Foreground moving object detection plays a critical role in video surveillance systems. Local Binary Pattern (LBP) based fuzzy distance segmentation is proposed for object foreground detection which uses modified training rate that deals with a change in the foreground of different rates. The extracted features are trained by using hybrid self-organizing map (SOM) based artificial bee colony (ABC) optimization. This approach deals with dynamic background and the illumination changes effectively. In this fuzzy c_means based segmentation effectively segments the moving object for foreground detection. Then, the feature from the foreground is extracted using the LBP feature extraction technique. Thus, foreground image can be further classified for identifying the object under moving using SOM with optimization. The proposed work is simulated in the working platform of Matlab, and the performance is analyzed by comparing with the existing techniques. Experimental results declare that the proposed method accomplishes more changes in the precision over existing techniques.

Author(s): V. Naga Bushan, Ch. Satyananda Reddy

ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES AND CORRELATION OF \r\nPREGNANCY GINGIVITIS WITH SUSPECTED \r\nPERIODONTOPATHOGENS

Volume 73, Nov 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.11.9

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Abstract: Background/Aim: To investigate the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Prevotella intermedia and their correlation with the adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnancy gingivitis.\r\nMaterials and methods: Sixtysix pregnant women participated voluntarily in this study. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained from sites showing signs of gingivitis as well as from healthy sites by inserting paper points into the pockets for 30 seconds. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Prevotella intermedia were detected by using a method of agarose gel electrophoretic analysis of DNA extracted from plaque samples and amplified by PCR.\r\nResults: Our results showed that the rate of preterm labor was higher in P. intermedia negative healthy sites than in P. intermedia positive healthy sites (p < 0.05) and it was found that absence of P. intermedia increased the risk of preterm labor 10 times.\r\nConclusion: This preliminary study indicates that the oral cavity can be a good source of data for the studies investigating the manifestations of adverse pregnancy outcomes

Author(s): Gülden Ereş, Esra Zor, Cengiz Han Açıkel

Health Literacy: Nurses Perception

Volume 73, Nov 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.11.3

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Abstract: Objective: Health professionals' knowledge about health literacy is a critical component to ensure an effective patient-healthcare professional relationship and safe service delivery. Study Design: This study aimed to determine nurses views about health literacy concept and their approach to assess patients health literacy. Method: This descriptive study was conducted with 53 nurses working in inpatients units excluding intensive care units of a small sized university hospital in Turkey. Data was collected with data sheet including questions about socio-demographics, views and health literacy assessment. Results: Almost all of the nurses stated that they had never heard about the concept of health literacy and they did not receive any training on health literacy. Health literacy was commonly defined as the delivery of health education to patients. None of the nurses were assessing patients health literacy levels in clinical practice. Half of nurses opinion was patients health literacy levels have no effect on their care and have no effect on education activities, whereas can affect patients health decisions and self-efficacy. Conclusion: Study showed that nurses understanding of the concept of health literacy and awareness of its effect on nursing practices and patients is limited. Future interventions should focus on improving health literacy understanding and knowledge of nurses in curriculum, continuing education activities.

Author(s): Imatullah Akyar, Hatice Agrali

SUPPLEMENTAL INSTRUCTION AS A PEER MENTORING INTERVENTION IN FIRST YEAR CHEMISTRY

Volume 73, Nov 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.11.12

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Abstract: Supplemental Instruction (SI) is an academic support program implemented by a South African university for �high risk� courses. The main objective of SI sessions is the development of an informal collaborative learning environment under the guidance of a �senior� student called an SI Leader. An SI Leader is a student who has previously completed the course successfully and can therefore model exemplary practices in chemistry learning. This paper highlights the enactment of the role of SI leader as mentor in the chemistry SI learning spaces. Data was collected using video-recordings of SI sessions and focus group interviews with students. Data analyzed using Bandura�s Social Cognitive learning theory revealed that the SI leader served as mentor to chemistry students with respect to development of critical thinking skills, learning strategies and reflective practice for meaning making in a collaborative learning environment. Further, the data expressed four conditions for effective modelling of SI leader in SI sessions viz. collaboration, retention through rehearsal of information, reproduction of knowledge in the form of reflection and motivation to learn.

Author(s): Vino Paideya

IMPROVEMENT OF NEUROCOGNITIVE FUNCTIONS AND BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF RATS AFTER TREATMENT WITH SALVIA AND GINKGO BILOBA EXTRACTS

Volume 73, Nov 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.11.7

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Abstract: In the article we research general motor activity, exploratory behavior, anxiety and memory in adult rats after treatment with extracts of Ginkgo Biloba and salvia. These parameters were assessed through the use of behavioral assays, namely, the Suok test and passive avoidance learning. The aqueous extract of salvia and a solution of Ginkgo-Biloba contributed to the activation of patterns of exploratory behavior and a decrease of anxiety in animals in the Suok-test, and these changes were comparable to those of the solution of the divaza. The Ginkgo-Biloba solution to animals stimulates cognitive functions in rats, which is reflected in an improvement in the elaboration of the conditioned reflex and the preservation of the memorable trace after training in the passive avoidance learning.

Author(s): Lomteva Natalya, Kondratenko Elena, Kasimova Saule, Yakovenkova Ludmila, Kopulova Mariya

A PEEK AT SOME TRIANGLES HAVING INTEGRAL SIDES FROM A PROOF AND PROVING PERSPECTIVE

Volume 73, Nov 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.11.6

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Abstract: This is a theoretical exposition of a solution to a question, posed below, that related to the sides and angles of triangles. The problem posed is: Given a positive integer a and a line segment AB having length a, describe all triangles ABC having integer sides, with( B) ̂=90°? The same question can be posed when B=60°. We describe a process that answers the question in the affirmative, while producing all such triangles, for any The subsequent discussion and proofs considers the very specific cases of triangles involving 90° and 60° angles. Much of the discussions will include the idea of a \"θ°\" - integral triangle. We define, for the purpose of this paper, the \"θ°\" - integral triangle as a triangle having sides a, b and c, where a, b and c are positive integers. Then (a, b, c) is called a \"θ°\" - integral triangle if \"θ\" is the angle included by sides a and b. A 90\"°\" - integral triangle is also known as a Pythagorean triple.

Author(s): Vimolan Mudaly, Poobhalan Pillay

THE EXTERNAL POLITICAL STRATEGY OF KAZAKHSTAN IN THE FRAMEWORK OF CENTRAL ASIAN INTEGRATION

Volume 73, Nov 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.11.30

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Abstract: This given research paper is dedicated to an analytical overview of the external political strat-egy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the framework of regional economic integration in rela-tion to the Central Asian region, historically which was called Turkestan and composed by itself the Turkic-speaking countries such as Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan, as well as the only non-Turkic country appeared to be- Tajikistan. The authors identify the peri-od of formation and several related periods in the development of Kazakhstan's integration strategy in region of Central Asia. The general trend in the development of Kazakhstan's ex-ternal political strategy in the framework of Central Asian integration is to move from multi-lateral international legal mechanisms for bilateral cooperation ones. However, according to the authors’ view there are some specific regional issues in Central Asia, which lead these mechanisms not to happen in the future without multilateral cooperation.

Author(s): Zhanat Bissenbayeva, Uderbaeva Bakhyt A., Zhunissov Zhassulan S., Askat Darkenbayev, Medeu Kurmangali Sh., Tazhikov Abzal K.

EFFECTIVENESS OF EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING MODEL WITH SCAFFOLDING TO EMPOWER STUDENTS’ CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Volume 73, Nov 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.11.11

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Abstract: Higher education hold strategic and important role in enhancing the quality of human resources in 21st century. One of the aims of higher education is to enhance critical thinking skills, since it is considered as an integral part of reasoning and important for the development of scientific knowledge. The empowerment of critical thinking skills in biology learning can be conducted through the implementation of Experiential Learning Model with Scaffolding (MELS). The study is a type of descriptive research to describe the effectiveness of MELS which had been developed and had been tested for validity and practicality. The study was conducted in Biology Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia. The subjects were biology department students registered in General Biology Subject of 2015/2016 academic year. The result showed that MELS is effective in empowering critical thinking skills of students. Students� critical thinking skills can be empowered through several phases of MELS, including motivation and orientation, concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, active experimentation, and networking.

Author(s): Abd Muis, Patta Bundu, Syamsul Bachri Thalib, Arifin Ahmad

THE MANIFESTATION OF OPAQUE ELECTORAL TECHNOLOGIES IN ELECTIONS IN ELECTION CAMPAIGNS IN RUSSIA

Volume 73, Nov 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.11.4

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Abstract: Background: The relevance of the study is due to the transformational changes in Russian electoral technologies that have occurred over the past few years. This study is aimed at studying the technologies that the candidate for the bodies of the Russian government uses in elections. \r\nFindings: For the first time in the political life of Russia, a situation has arisen in which a candidate for government functions is not acting as a developer of a political program, but as its customer. The executor is a political technologist who uses the existing set of electoral technologies at his own discretion. There are unequivocally legitimate election technologies, but along with them there are opaque electoral technologies that are difficult to identify from the position of law. The use of just such electoral technologies makes it possible to manipulate public opinion, leading to a logical result in the elections. \r\nThis is facilitated by the legislation on the significant reduction of the terms of the election campaign, which, from the point of view of manipulating the public consciousness, promotes the introduction of aggressive opaque election technologies. As a result, not the elected candidate, but the political technologist, is responsible for the result of the election. This puts the election results in direct dependence on the skill of the political technologist, and not on the personal qualities and political program of the candidate. \r\nMethods: Authors use the methods of sociological science, adapting them to the problem under study. Sociological surveys, content analysis, methods of mathematical statistics allow you to determine the quantitative and qualitative content of the material being studied. The control method that ensures data verification is the comparison method. It is he who makes it possible to identify the general and various candidates in the public perception of the election campaign that ensure victory or failure in elections to the authorities. \r\nImprovements: The results, obtained will enrich the political science in the field of empiricism on the problems of elections, will help to correct the ideas about the theory of public policy in Russia at the present stage of development. \r\nThe article is of practical value for politicians, sociologists, political technologists involved in the development and implementation of election campaigns in Russia. A new view of technology will contribute to the development of democratic elections.

Author(s): Natalya Rinatovna Balynskaya, Natalya Yuryevna Andrusyak, Alexander Sergeevich Kaminsky, Anastasiya Grigoryevna Vasilyeva, Oksana Sergeevna Pishchugina

The undermining of young ministers of religion as illustrated in P. T. Mtuzes Indlel ecand intlango

Volume 73, Nov 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.11.20

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Abstract: This article investigates the undermining of young ministers of religion by members of the public, as it is illustrated in P. T. Mtuze\\\'s novel; Indle\\\' ecand\\\' intlango (1985). This investigation is fulfilled by considering how Ntobeko Ndleleni,who is a young pastor and a leading character in the story, is looked down upon both by the members of society and his congregants. The question this article is attempting to answer is whether Mtuze illustrates this tendency convincingly in his novel. Nouns such as usana,(an infant), iqhajana (a young haughty person)and umfundisana (a young pastor), and the adverb ngamakhwenkwe (by boys), which are used by the characters who denigrate Ntobeko, are discussed. It is also revealed how some of these expressions are used in the diminutive form to emphasise the belittling of this cleric. A definition of the concept of \\\'undermining\\\' is included as part of this study. Lastly, a concluding section is included where the summary and evaluation, and recommendations are provided.\\n\\nKey concepts: undermining, P. T. Mtuze, Indlel\\\' ecand\\\' intlango, ministers of religion.

Author(s): Zilibele Mtumane

HISTORY OF CAMPAIGN FOR RIGHTS IN EDUCATION OF ISLAMIC AND CHINESE SCHOOL GROUPS

Volume 73, Nov 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.11.21

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Abstract: The Chinese education and Islamic religious school groups have contributed to the development of childrens education in Malaysia. Both groups have benefited from democratization of education by demanding rights in education for the future of students. The findings show that campaign of the Chinese education group succeeded in reducing the ministerial power so as to prevent conversion of Chinese school to national school in the Education Act 1996. While the case of the Islamic school education group, ministerial power increased in authority over the majority of the religious schools which were previously initiated and developed by the society and state. This is evident from the registration of a number of religious schools as Government-Aided Schools. Chinese schools which are registered as Government-Aided Schools still retain their influence on authority through merger of social movements for Chinese education groups. Hence, the researcher suggests that the Islamic religious school institution requires some simple procedures to wisely and effectively claim democratic rights in education. This research gave an implication to the institutions governance policy for both groups and a challenge to get the democratization of education to fulfil the society needs. It is indeed in line with the Development Plan of Malaysian Education.

Author(s): Mohd Syuja Saedin, Azizi Umar, Nazri Muslim, Supyan Hussin

EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF EXTENDING THE TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL TO CONSUMER E-COMMERCE

Volume 73, Nov 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.11.26

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Abstract: In this digital age technologies that are used by online consumers plays a significant role in their lives and integration into society. However, the use of these technologies does not come without challenges, and online consumers face many while engaged in online transactions. This paper presents an empirical examination of the technology acceptance model (TAM) in relation to consumer e-commerce. The findings of this study were arrived at by designing a structural equation model (SEM) on the privacy, security and trust (PST) of TAM related to consumer e-commerce. The sample for this study included academic university staff members, and the data were analysed using WarpPLS (5.0) software. Results revealed that PST has a significant impact on the perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) of online consumers, with a slightly higher significant influence on the PEOU of online consumers. PU also has a significant influence on the behavioral intention to use (BIU), but no significant influence on actual use (AU). Similarly, PEOU does not have a significant influence on BIU, whereas BIU has a significant influence on online consumers� AU of the technology.

Author(s): Desmond W. Govender, Sujit K. Basak

REVIEW OF ULTRA-HIGH PRECISION DIAMOND TURNING OF SILICON FOR INFRARED OPTICS

Volume 73, Nov 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.11.5

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Abstract: Silicon is an important material in the manufacturing of microelectronics and optical elements, its application in infrared lenses is due to its unique characteristics. However, the traditional method of fabricating it is time-consuming with inherent defects. Ultra-high precision machining has been widely used for the manufacturing of various critical products in applications where surface roughness within the range of 1 – 10 nm is required, such as infrared lenses, but achieving the surface integrity requirement is difficult. Through ultra-high precision diamond turning (UHPDT) technique using a monocrystalline diamond cutting tool at ductile–regime mode, production of freeform optics of various shapes and profiles is possible with proper selection of process parameters, tool geometry and online monitoring techniques. This paper, therefore, aims to survey the current efforts in the UHPDT of single-crystal silicon as an infrared material, the various factors affecting surface roughness, diamond tool wear measuring techniques, surface roughness and its associated metrology. At the end, challenges and prospects of UHPDT technique are discussed and some elaborate conclusions, considering the forecasted huge investments in both the optical elements and the UHP machine tools, in general, are drawn together with some suggestions on the areas that need further research for future improvements. Keywords: Silicon, infrared lenses, ultra-high precision diamond turning, surface roughness, ductile-regime, diamond tool wear.

Author(s): Abubakar Ishaq Jumare, Khaled Abou-El-Hossein, Lukman Abdulkadir

UNDERSTANDING SMALL GROUP TEACHING AS A PARADIGM SHIFT

Volume 73, Nov 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.11.27

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Abstract: Small group teaching is a paradigm shift from the traditional teaching strategies that promote rote learning since they are teacher centered. This is a learner centered approach which appreciates the fact that our learners are not empty containers waiting to be filled up with knowledge but that they are supposed to be regarded as co-creators of knowledge by involving them in the teaching and learning process. Since the introduction of new education system, small group teaching has been common. However, teachers’ training on how to facilitate small group teaching appears not to be sufficient to enable them to carry out their teaching. In order to carry out effective teaching and learning in a CAPS approach, it is important to facilitate small group teaching in an effective way. This desktop study will therefore suggest the best ways on how small group teaching can be applied. Practically the study will contribute to the smooth running of small group teaching in schools by suggesting different teaching strategies that can be utilized.

Author(s): Newman Wadesango, Maneli P.

SUSTAINABILITY OF COOPERATIVES: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

Volume 73, Nov 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.11.15

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Abstract: The aim of this desktop study is to present and understand the concept of cooperatives. The study provides the origin of cooperatives in developed and developing countries followed by different cooperative models. There are many cooperative models such as agricultural, marketing, housing, consumer, workers, credit cooperatives and others. However, the cooperatives models discussed in this study are traditional, new generation and workers� cooperatives. These cooperative models are practised in South Africa and also in the countries selected for experiences in this study. The study also outlines the rationale of cooperatives focussing on their role to eliminate poverty and employment creation. The challenges encountered by cooperatives, external and internal factors contributing to the success of cooperatives are also reflected in this study.

Author(s): Wadesango Newman, Mabunda Q

TEACHERS OPINIONS REGARDING SPECIAL NEEDS CHILDREN LEARNING HOW TO READ AND WRITE

Volume 73, Nov 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.11.8

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Abstract: Abstract\nThe purpose of this study is to examine teachers views regarding special needs learning how to read and write. The descriptive method was used in the research. The data were collected by semi-structured interview method. In this direction, interviews were held with the teachers working in two special education schools, which are affiliated to the Ministry of National Education and Culture of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and continue their activities in Nicosia. The interviews lasted thirty to forty minutes. In response to the questions in the semi-structured interview form, seven themes were created. The research findings show that the teachers determine the planning and the method according to the needs of the children considering their individual differences in the literacy teaching and teachers views about the importance of family support throughout this process. This research will lead to teaching staff and researchers who are training teacher candidates for special needs children\'s education.\nKey Words: Special needs, teacher, teacher views, literacy training.

Author(s): Mukaddes Demirok, Aysegul Akcam

WRITTEN CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK IN AN ACADEMIC WRITING CLASSROOM: HOW DO TEACHERS MATCH THEIR BELIEFS WITH STUDENTS PREFERENCES?

Volume 73, Nov 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.11.17

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Abstract: This study investigated teachers beliefs and students’ preferences on Written Corrective Feedback (WCF). Qualitative data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 6 (n=6) pre-service teachers in their first-year of a four-year Bachelor of Education (BEd) degree programme and 2 (n=2) ESL teachers who taught academic writing to BEd students. WCF is found to help L2 writers to notice language patterns and errors as well as language models to improve their writing as an effective writing pedagogical practice. The study found that teachers believe that the use of WCF remedies students’ weaknesses in grammar, vocabulary and lack of brainstorming ideas.

Author(s): Hlaviso A. Motlhaka, Ernest K. Klu

PROBLEMS OF PROFICIENCY IN ENGLISH FOR NON-NATIVE SPEAKERS OF THE LANGUAGE AND THE GLOBAL IMPACT THEREOF

Volume 73, Nov 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.11.1

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Abstract: This paper discusses problems of proficiency in English by non-native speakers of the language and how the language has indeed become an essential necessity in today‟s global context. English is by far a dominant language in socio-economic affairs in the majority of countries in international affairs. English remains a language of wider communication throughout the world. In the light of this pivotal role played by English, there is an obvious need for an ongoing teaching and learning of the English language. This is in the best interest of building the required competence in English language. In order to attain this essential goal of successful teaching and learning of the English language, its importance must first be acknowledged. This is indeed fundamental for enhancing future all the learners of the language‟s linguistic abilities. Communicative competence is an extremely vital skill at work, in a career, for academic research, business or in socio-economic terms. Enhancing language proficiency through education is the best approach in today‟s environment. Unfortunately the implementation of this attempt has always been a failure in many countries. This paper therefore attempts to explore the key concepts in language and communication.Keywords : Acquisition, Communication, Research, Learning, Competence, Proficiency, Learners, Theory

Author(s): Theophilus T. Mukhuba

A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE PERSISTENT PROBLEM OF LACK OF PROFICIENCY IN ENGLISH IN SOUTH AFRICAN SCHOOLS AND UNIVERSITIES

Volume 73, Nov 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.11.2

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Abstract: This article examines the nature of the problem of lack of proficiency in English by black students and black teachers in South Africa. Since liberation in 1994, South Africa has undergone changes in many spheres including in education. These changes have not necessarily translated into the improvement or betterment of the people, particularly the previously marginalized black people. In Education, there has been many experiments undertaken by the South African government and all these experiments have unfortunately failed to impact positively in students’ abilities to acquire knowledge. This has resulted in South African Universities having to deal with students who are ill-prepared to function at University. This is also largely because these students come to University woefully lacking proficiency in English, which, incidentally, is used exclusively at University. The South African government, in tacit acknowledgement of its failures to prepare students adequately during their 12 years of schooling, has given billions of Rands to Universities to try and remedy this problem. However, this effort has failed drastically as Universities have just established Academic Development Centres which are expected to miraculously improve the lot of our student. It is the contention of this article that the problem cannot be solved at University level; it needs to be addressed at school level. This article traces the root of the problem prior to 1994 in an effort demonstrate the persistent nature of this issue.

Author(s): Theophilus T. Mukhuba

FUNCTIONS OF MYTHOLOGEMES IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE NOVEL “THE LAST OF MOHICANS” BY J.F.COOPER

Volume 73, Nov 2017
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.11.16

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Abstract: In this article functions of mythologemes in the structure of the novel The Last of the Mohicans ... by J.F. Cooper are described. Mythopoetics of the novel The Last of the Mohicans ... has a systemic character, that declares the authors deliberate strategy ideologically conceptualizes the spiritual culture of the Indians of North America, in particular the Delawares and the Hurons, to interpret it in the light of the political and military struggle of England and France in the XVIII century, to differentiate tribes of the Natives on the principle of their own and others. Mythopoetics of a novel and its significant markers function fully in the light of this most important task. However, we should be thankful for the great writer that he preserved the Indian myths for future generations, demonstrated impressively their psychology and culture, beliefs, magic military, customs and rituals. Analysis of the novel reveals the central (universal) cults of the Indians; dating back to the days of the Toltecs, Mayans and Aztecs, as well as local totemic cults, functionally compare them with the purpose of deeper probing for the reconstruction of spiritual cosmos of Aboriginals - the peoples of the North America. Modern studies show that in this plan the material of J. F. Coopers works have important meanings.

Author(s): Nurgul Pazharbekovna Saparkhojayeva, Aslan Zhamelovich Zhaksylykov, Saule Seidenova, Layla Musaly