Abstract: This study focuses on analyzing multilingual focused crawling which refers to the process of fetching topic-specific Web pages in multiple languages. A focused crawler that is able to identify similar link words in different languages based on fuzzy matching was developed in the study. The fuzzy matching feature allows the system to traverse through topic-specific pages written in different languages. The results reported in this paper are based on 15 test topics and 90 crawls in the domains of genomics, genetics, and rare diseases. The start URL pages were written in English, German, and Spanish. The languages of the crawled pages were detected by a standard n-gram based language identification algorithm. The crawling results contained documents written in 17 different languages. The percentages of documents written in these languages are reported. We also investigated the frequency of crosslingual links within a topic, i.e., the frequency of the cases where a relevant child document and its parent document are written in different languages. The results showed that the language of start URL documents largely determines the language of the obtained documents. That is, the documents obtained in crawling are to a great extent written in the same language as start URL documents. However, the share of English documents was high in all results. In agreement with these results, we found that relevant cross-lingual links are infrequent, with the exception of links to English pages.

Abstract: Recent years have shown the role of antioxidant supplementation in prevention and/or management of numerous dental disorders, such as periodontitis and peri-implant disease. Dietary and other enzymatic antioxidants protect the lipids of lipoproteins and other biomembranes against oxidative damage by intercepting oxidants before they can attack the tissues. In addition, antioxidant macronutrituents may prevent increased cytokine production, which is a result of prolonged activation of the immune response. Thus, an adequate antioxidant intake from both diet and supplementation can be a valuable adjunct in the treatment of chronic inflammatory dental disorders. A wide array of antioxidants has potential applications in dental therapeutics and most of them are easily available as dietary supplements. Although antioxidant therapy could have a promising role in dental practice, a few unaddressed issues need to be clarified before it is firmly established. For example, high dose supplements of some vitamins may pose a health risk. Another important problem is drug interactions. In addition, administration of antioxidants may interfere with essential defense mechanisms. In conclusion, and evidence based approach is needed before making recommendations about safety and standardization of antioxidant usage in routine dental practice.

Abstract: Well-known paradoxical effect that both high-dose estrogens and anti-estrogens cause tumor regressions. In this case important is an understanding of the properties of a tumor. Aims: 1) To study of the influence of the same hormonal environment on tumor growth and character of change of the receptors level in tumors with different hormone sensitivity. Methods: Concentration femtomoles/mg protein (fM/mg) of estrogen receptor (ER) was determined in transplanted mice mammary tumors with intensive reproduction mode (2-6 parturition without lactating) (n=20) and virgin (n=20). The levels of ER were determined by means of the dextran-coated charcoal technique. Mice of line ?3H/Sn (n=69) contained in cages on 5 female +2 male (normal reproduction) in a room with daylight. Virgin female mice (n=47). Results: The data provides both estrogen-positive and ?negative tumors that actually are evoked from the same tissue, so that one can determine at what level(s) the hormone sensitivity or dependency exists. The widely accepted hypothesis that the interaction of estrogen with its cellular receptors determines the hormone dependency of mammary tumors should now be challenged on the basis of the following observations: a) tumors occuring in experimental animals with permanent high estrogen levels are receptor-positive(~20-100fM/mg) and with low estrogen levels (<2fM/mg) are receptor-negative; b) tumors regrowing after complete or partial regression as a result of endocrine ablation or hormone administration are no considered to be autonomous or hormone dependence but environment dependence; c) growth of a tumor at cyclically changing hormonal level leads to heterogeneity of mammary tumors that complicates hormone therapy. Conclusions: 1) Series of parameters of a tumor such as the invasiveness, heterogeneity and others are consequence of adaptic properties of tumoral cells. 2) Ability of tumoral cells to adapt for change of a surrounding microenvironment answers on a question on a paradoxicality of a hormone therapy. 3) High sensitivity of tumors to change of steroids concentration (10-9M) discovers an epigenetic path of redifferentiation a tumor oncogenome i.e. multiple-stage therapy.

Abstract: Inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) are monogenic disorders with overlapping symptoms limiting diagnosis to altered biochemical profile. Technical expertise is required to detect IMDs. Scarce laboratories in India warrant need of a competent centre with a national network. In view of this, we set up a laboratory wherein training and competence was acquired from reputed centres. The gold standard methods such as amino acid analysis system, GCMS and enzyme assays were standardized and validated. Around 560 lysosomal enzyme assay and 2123 metabolite analysis (amino acids and organic acid) samples from across the country were analyzed in the last two years. Lysosomal enzyme deficiency was obtained in 25% of samples while 14% of them exhibited an abnormal amino acidogram/ organic acidogram, thus, confirming the diagnosis of several metabolic disorders. Early and accurate diagnosis of LSDs has benefited many of our patients to opt for ERT, prenatal diagnosis and pre symptomatic screening in the family. Early diagnosis and subsequent diet management of methylmalonic acidemia, glutaric aciduria type I and others has helped to arrest irreversible damage which would have, or else, occurred due to accumulation of toxic metabolites. Thus, it is noted that having a specialized laboratory within the country has facilitated affordable diagnosis and subsequent management of metabolic disorders which were left undiagnosed till recent pass due to want of facilities.