Archive of Journal
Volume 70, Issue 11, Nov. 2014

Memory work: immigrants in Sweden and the practise of remembrance during the end of the 20th century

Volume 70, Nov 2014

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Abstract: What do migrants bring with them when they migrate, and how are those items of memorabilia arranged into narratives of origin, migration, loss and identity? How are experiences of migration and Diaspora mediated from one generation to another? What is told and by whom? What is silenced and who is excluded from the right to remember? The focus of this preparatory paper is to chart how memory is arranged in the context of migration. The main aim is to bring forward the practice of the transition of people ? the arranging of memories and the transmission of a narrative that will serve coming generations with guidelines of how to live (how one is to remember ones origin, what that means to ones identity, how one is to behave as a member of an ethnic minority community, etc). More specifically, thus, the study will analyse how memory is arranged into a narrative of identity. Through the discussion of identity, key concepts (such as, authenticity and hybridity) will surface. The theoretical discussion will revolve around questions of nation, migration and gender, and the ethics of memory. An extended scholarship has illuminated the central role which women play in the creation and mediation of migration and ethnic-belonging narratives. Resting on such research, my study will contribute to a further discussion of the construction of narratives of identity. Narratives, as well as the components and composition of the narrative, are often the responsibility of women ? a responsibility that is transmitted from mothers to daughters.

Author(s): Despina Tzimoula

Escitalopram-the first ASRI. A Magic Bullet in the treatment of depression and anxiety

Volume 70, Nov 2014

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Abstract: Selective Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs (bullets) that are targeting the serotonin transporter in order to block the reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Escitalopram has, in contrast to other SSRI drugs been shown to interact with the serotonin transporter at two different sites: the primary binding site shared with other SSRIs and a separate allosteric binding site. A consequence of this unique allosteric interaction is a prolonged dissociation half-life from the primary binding site resulting in very efficient inhibition of the serotonin uptake. Escitalopram is therefore due to this self-enhancing effect a Magic Bullet which has been termed Allosteric Serotonin Uptake Inhibitor (ASRI). Escitalopram is the active enantiomer of the racemic drug citalopram. While the R-enantiomer originally was believed to be inactive, recent investigations have surprisingly show that the R-enantiomer inhibit the effect of the S-enantiomer. Pharmacological and clinical studies have shown a clear tendency for faster onset of antidepressant action and more than two-fold higher potency of escitalopram compared with citalopram. The presentation will focus on comparing the profile of escitalopram/ASRI with SSRIs and discuss the mechanism behind and the consequences of the inhibition of S-citalopram by its R-enantiomer. A molecular model of the serotonin transporter will be presented as well as possible mechanisms involved in the allosteric interaction.

Author(s): BOGESO KP

Liqiud Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis as a Tools to Study Ligand-Receptor Interactions

Volume 70, Nov 2014

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Abstract: The phenomenon responsible for enantioseparation in chromatographic and electrophoretic methods is the same; it is the enantioselective interaction between the enantiomers and a chiral selector. The principal difference between these two techniques arises from different separation process mechanisms and sometimes different environments of complexation The remarkable capacity of cyclodextrin (CD) for enantioseparation has been used to advantage in many chromatographic and electrophoretic applications The chromatographic and electrophoretic methods which are very sensitive to structure, size, shape and dynamics of the analytes have been used not only in separation science but also in the study of molecular recognition proceses. The enantiomeric separation of basic chiral pharmaceuticals such as pheniramine, brompheniramine, metoxyphenamine, cyclopentolate, doxylamine, and ketamine was investigated in capillary electrophoresis (CE) and liquid chromatography (HPLC) using negatively charged sulfated-?-cyclodextrin (s-?-CD) and neutral cyclodextrins (CDs). The apparent stability constants for the model compounds with cyclodextrins in both techniques were estimated. Both methods seem to be complementary for the study of complexation phenomena. It can be seen that brompheniramine forms stronger complexes with ?-CD than pheniramine and doxylamine. Complexation of pheniramine and doxylamine by ?-CD is very similar. The weakest complexes ?-CD forms with metoxyphenamine. For the studied compounds, TM-?-CD forms very weak complexes. The stability constant for DM-?-CD is very similar to that obtained for ?-CD. From the native CDs the best chiral selectors for the studied compounds are ?-CD and HP-?-CD. For the studied compounds the best recognition between enantiomers was obtained for cyclopentolate (K1/K2=1.32, K1/K2 =1.45 and K1/K2 =1.26 for ?-CD,for HP-?-CD and TM-?-CD, respectively) As the CE is the more efficient method, chiral recognition is better visible in this method than in HPLC. Conclusions: The obtained results shows that chromatographic and electrophoretic methods may be used as additional tools for studying weak interactions responsible for molecular recognition between ligand and receptor.

Author(s): BIELEJEWSKA A

The Necessity of Carbon Filtration for Water and Wastewater Treatment

Volume 70, Nov 2014

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Abstract: Water being universal solvent carries many organic compounds as well the toxic disinfection products, which can be removed only by carbon filtration. It is important to note that many water and wastewater treatment plants do not have carbon filtration. The permits should specify carbon filtration.

Author(s): GOGINENI P., JANUSKA B., MINNIEFIELD C., SIMOLIUNAS S.

Computer-based Workpiece Detection on CNC Milling Machine Tools Using Optical Camera and Neural Networks

Volume 70, Nov 2014

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Abstract: Workpiece detection on CNC milling machine tools is very important task of NC programming. The main aims are: ?? d etecting the workpiece and the position on machine tool table, ?? d etecting the workpiece shape, ?? d etecting the workpiece origin (co called ?Zero point?). In this paper, the system for optical determination of the workpiece origin on the CNC machine tools is described. The purpose of our research is to develop a low-cost (inexpensive) system for non-contact deter Determination of workpiece origin is very important procedure in order to speed-up the set-up process on machine tools and NC. When the camera is installed on the machine, it is first necessary to calibrate the system, so that the relationship between the image coordinate system and machine coordinate system can be determine (extrinsic parameters). Intrinsic camera parameters (focal length, image format,...) are also determined in the calibration. Calibration procedure is using developed feed-forward neural networks. With this method the calibration procedure is simplified and the mathematical derivation of camera model is avoided. Learned neural network represents the camera calibration model. After neural network learning is complete, we can begin using the system for determining the workpiece origin. The image of workpiece is captured with the help of low-cost camera. With appropriate algorithms for digital image processing the information of interest is separated. In our case, we want to find an area that represents the workpiece zero point (an end point on the workpiece). The input in the learned neural network is the workpiece zero point position in image coordinate system and output of the neural network is the position of the workpiece zero point in the machine coordinate system. This developed system was through a number of tests proved to be reliable and suitable for use in practice. The system is implemented on a three-axis CNC milling machine Lakos 150 G. Optical system can be, without major modifications, used in other CNC machine tools and also on robotic systems. In the paper, working of system is illustrated with a practical example, which confirms the effectiveness of the implemented system in actual use on machine.

Author(s): Joze Balic, Franc Cus